The Great Firewall of China: Praktik Kebijakan Sensor Internet Pada Era Xi Jinping
Abstract
Internet censorship policies refer to government actions in filtering and controlling what people can access on the internet. The Great Firewall of China (GFW) is a term that refers to the internet censorship policy implemented by the Chinese government. Since the development of the internet in the 1990s, the Chinese government has continued to exercise control over the internet through censorship. In the era of Xi Jinping's leadership, internet censorship policies continued to strengthen. Various matters relating to policy practice are the subject of this article. The research method used in this article is the historical method. The results of the study show that China is one of the countries that signed the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights in 1998, which includes the values of freedom of access to information and expression on the internet. Meanwhile, the practice of internet censorship policies in the Xi Jinping era was carried out in order to maintain China's sovereignty and build China as a world cyber power. However, it turns out that the practice of this policy is substantially not in accordance with the values of freedom as stated in the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights.
Keywords: internet, censorship, Xi Jinping, The Great Firewall of China
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Cai, J (2021, March 16). China’s internet was hailed as a path to democracy but the Communist Party reshaped it in its own image. South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3125128/chinas-internet-was-hailed-path-democracy-communist-party
Chandel, S., Jingji, Z., Yunnan, Y., Jingyao, S., & ZhiPeng, Z. (2019). The Golden Shield Project of China: A Decade Later—An in-Depth Study of the Great Firewall. https://doi.org/10.1109/cyberc.2019.00027
Ding, J., Triolo, P., & Sacks, S. (2018). Chinese interests take a big seat at the ai governance table. new america. https://www.newamerica.org/cybersecurity-initiative/digichina/blog/chinese-interests-take-big-seat-ai-governance-table/
Dowell, W. (2006). The internet, censorship, and china. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, 7(2), 111-120. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43134125
FlorCruz, J. A., & Seu, L. (2014, April 24). From snail mail to 4G, China celebrates 20 years of Internet connectivity. CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/23/world/asia/china-internet-20th-anniversary/index.html
Kitson, A., & Liew, K. (2021). China doubles down on its digital silk road. reconnecting asia. https://reconasia.csis.org/china-doubles-down-its-digital-silk-road/
Kuntowijoyo. (2005). Pengantar ilmu sejarah. Yogyakarta: Bentang Budaya.
Markuson, D. (2020). Multibrief: infographic: the real reasons behind internet censorship around the world. multibriefs: exclusive. https://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/infographic-the-real-reasons-behind-internet-censorship-around-the-world/science-technology
Monggilo, Z. M. Z. (2016). Internet freedom in asia: case of internet censorship in china. Jurnal Studi Pemerintahan: Journal of Government and Politics, 7(1), 153. https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.2016.0026
Moynihan, H., & Patel, C. (2021). Restrictions on online freedom of expression in china. Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/03/restrictions-online-freedom-expression-china#:%7E:text=The%20Chinese%20government’s%20highly%20restrictive,the%20right%20to%20health
Obar, J. A., & Clement, A. (2013). Internet surveillance and boomerang routing: a call for canadian network sovereignty. Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2311792
Qi, A., Shao, G., & Zheng, W. (2018). Assessing China’s cybersecurity law. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(6), 1342–1354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.08.007
Repnikova, M. (2018, 29 Oktober). How chinese authorities and individuals use the internet. Hoover Institution. https://www.hoover.org/research/how-chinese-authorities-and-individuals-use-internet
Rising, D. (2021). Report: chinese hackers targeted southeast asian nations. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-indonesia-beijing-asia-bca3e5785c03cb4d7a1e3052f545a922
Harvey, K. (2014). Encyclopedia of social media and politics. SAGE Publications, Inc. eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452244723
The National Bureau of Asian Research. (2020, August 25). China’s vision for cyber sovereignty and the global governance of cyberspace. the national bureau of asian research (nbr). https://www.nbr.org/publication/chinas-vision-for-cyber-sovereignty-and-the-global-governance-of-cyberspace/
Tilley, M. (2018). The great firewall of china: implications of internet control for china post-tiananmen square massacre to present day. Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH). Diakses pada 2 Februari 2022. https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/37945137
Undang-Undang RRT tentang Menjaga Rahasia Negara (中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法). (2010). 中华人民共和国中央政府.
Undang-Undang RRT tentang Keamanan Siber(中华人民共和国网络安全). (2016). 中华人民共和国中央政府.
Webster, G. (2021, March 14). A brief history of the chinese internet. logic(s) Magazine. https://logicmag.io/china/a-brief-history-of-the-chinese-internet/
Xu, B. (2017, February 17). Media censorship in china. council on foreign relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/media-censorship-china
Yang, G. (2012). A chinese internet? history, practice, and globalization. Chinese Journal of Communication, 5(1), 49–54. Diakses pada 14 November 2021.https://doi.org/10.1080/17544750.2011.647744
习近平关于网络强国论述摘编 (Kutipan Pidato Xi Jinping tentang Kekuatan Internet). (2021). Kantor Penelitian Literatur Partai Komite Sentral PKT.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/historia.v6i1.50007
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah
INDEXED
TOOLS
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Alamat Redaksi: Gedung Numan Soemantri, FPIPS UPI, Departemen Pendidikan Sejarah, Lantai 2, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No 229 Bandung, 40154