Bibliometric Analysis of The Integration of Digital Tools in Marine Conservation Education

Abstract

The integration of digital tools in marine conservation education has become a prominent research area, reflecting its important role in fostering marine literacy and promoting sustainable practices. This bibliometric analysis aims to explore global trends, key contributors, thematic areas, and emerging directions in this field. Data were collected from relevant scientific databases, focusing on journals published between 2000 and 2024. The analysis reveals a significant increase in scientific output, with major contributions from multidisciplinary collaborations between educators, marine scientists, and technologists. Thematic areas identified include virtual reality applications, citizen science initiatives, interactive digital platforms, and the role of gamification in education. The results show that the United States, European countries, and Southeast Asia are the leading contributors, with increasing attention to local approaches in coastal and small island communities. The co-occurrence keyword highlights four clusters, that are Green Cluster, Red Cluster, Blue Cluster, and Yellow Cluster. Emerging trends show an increasing use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and immersive technologies to deliver interactive and personalized learning experiences. Despite these advances, challenges such as technological accessibility, cost, and the need for educator training remain. This bibliometric study underscores the transformative potential of digital tools in marine conservation education and emphasizes the need for inclusive, accessible, and innovative approaches to ensure widespread adoption. Future research should address technological equity and the integration of culturally relevant content to enhance the effectiveness of digital tools in marine conservation efforts.