Kerangka Acuan Tidak Inertial dan Representasinya untuk Deskripsi Umum Gerak Benda dalam Mekanika Klasik

Mohammad Arifin

Abstract


Deskripsi umum dari gejala gerak dan penyebabnya dari suatu benda dapat diperoleh melalui representasi kerangka acuan dan model ruang atau sistem koordinat yang digunakan. Hukum-hukum Newtontentang gerak didefinisikan berlaku untuk sistem-sistem fisika dalam kerangka acuan inertial, namun demikian, ketiadaan kerangka acuan universal seperti dinyatakan dalam postulat relativitas khusus Einstein mengakibatkan deskripsi gerak suatu benda dapat dipandang seluruhnya berlangsung dalam kerangka acuan tidak inertial. Dalam tulisan ini, hukum-hukum Newton tentang gerak dinyatakan dalam representasi sistem koordinat umum untuk berbagai jenis keadaan fisis benda yang ditinjau, meliputi: gerak rotasi dalam kerangka acuan umum, persamaan Hamiltonian dan Lagrangian, prinsip usaha minimal (least action) dan teorema konservasi, baik untuk sistem konservatif dan non konservatif maupun umum dalam kerangka acuan tidak inertial. Konsekuensi keberlakuan postulat relativitas khusus dalam deskripsi umum gerak benda ditunjukkan dengan membahas transformasi besaran-besaran fisika untuk gerak mendekati kecepatan cahaya dalam ruang Minkowski dan hukum kekekalan materi-energi untuk keadaan gerak tersebut.

Kata kunci: Kerangka acuan tidak inertial, representasi gerak, mekanika klasik, postulat teori relativitas khusus dan hukum kekekalan materi-energi.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/wafi.v7i2.52521

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