Cycling Athlete Performance: Analysis of Muscle Oxygen Saturation through Moxy Measurement

Jajat Darajat Kusumah Negara

Abstract


This study was aimed at conducting an analysis related to the performance of cyclists, namely the analysis of oxygen saturation in the muscles using muscle oxygen monitoring. This study used a single-subject design. Respondents of this study were road bike athletes preparing for multi-event competitions in West Java province. The measured data were related to oxygen saturation as measured by Moxy (Muscle Oxygen Monitoring), the tool used to examine how well our muscles use oxygen. The instruments included a smartwatch as an additional data collection tool and the Elevate Heart Rate sensor on the watch to record heart rate. The results found that the respondent muscle oxygen saturation was in the fairly good category for the female because the average result fell in the range of 70–80%, not much different from the starting point of the test. The analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between SmO2 and THb, where SmO2 gave a contribution of 61%. The result of this analysis is expected to be used as an evaluation for coaches in preparing athlete training programs.


Keywords


cycling performance, monitor, moxi, oxygen saturation

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alvares, T. S., Oliveira, G. V. de, Soares, R., & Murias, J. M. (2020). Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived total haemoglobin as an indicator of changes in muscle blood flow during exercise-induced hyperaemia. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(7), 751–758.

ÅStrand, I., ÅStrand, P., Christensen, E. H., & Hedman, R. (1960). Intermittent muscular work. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 48(3‐4), 448–453.

Born, D.-P., Stöggl, T., Swarén, M., & Björklund, G. (2017). Near-infrared spectroscopy: more accurate than heart rate for monitoring intensity in running in hilly terrain. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(4), 440–447.

Buchheit, M., Abbiss, C. R., Peiffer, J. J., & Laursen, P. B. (2012). Performance and physiological responses during a sprint interval training session: relationships with muscle oxygenation and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics. European journal of applied physiology, 112(2), 767-779.

Burke, E. R. (1980). Physiological characteristics of competitive cyclists. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 8(7), 78–84.

Burke, E. R., Cerny, F., Costill, D., & Fink, W. (1977). Characteristics of skeletal muscle in competitive cyclists. Medicine and Science in Sports, 9(2), 109–112.

Casey, D. P., & Joyner, M. J. (2011). Local control of skeletal muscle blood flow during exercise: influence of available oxygen. Journal of Applied Physiology, 111(6), 1527–1538.

Cerretelli, P., & Di Prampero, P. E. (2011). Gas exchange in exercise. Comprehensive Physiology, 297–339.

Crum, E. M., O’connor, W. J., Van Loo, L., Valckx, M., & Stannard, S. R. (2017). Validity and reliability of the Moxy oxygen monitor during incremental cycling exercise. European journal of sport science, 17(8), 1037-1043.

Design, F. (2015). Introduction to Muscle Oxygen Monitoring with Moxy. Muscle Oxygen URL: https://cdn2. hubspot. net/hub/188620/file-433442739-pdf/docs/moxy-ebook-intro-to-muscle-oxygen. pdf [accessed 2018-12-17][WebCite Cache ID 74judgnQa].

Doijad, V. P., Kamble, P., & Surdi, A. D. (2013). Effect of Yogic Exercises on Aerobic Capacity (VO^ sub 2^ max). International journal of physiology, 1(2), 47.

Faria, E. W., Parker, D. L., & Faria, I. E. (2005). The science of cycling: factors affecting performance—part 2. Sports medicine, 35, 313-337.

Farzam, P., Starkweather, Z., & Franceschini, M. A. (2018). Validation of a novel wearable, wireless technology to estimate oxygen levels and lactate threshold power in the exercising muscle. Physiological reports, 6(7), e13664.

Feldmann, A., Schmitz, R., & Erlacher, D. (2019). Near-infrared spectroscopy-derived muscle oxygen saturation on a 0% to 100% scale: reliability and validity of the Moxy Monitor. Journal of biomedical optics, 24(11), 115001-115001.

Gibala, M. J., & McGee, S. L. (2008). Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain?. Exercise and sport sciences reviews, 36(2), 58-63.

Grassi, B. (2000). Skeletal muscle VO~ 2 on-kinetics: set by O~ 2 delivery or by O~ 2 utilization? New insights into an old issue. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 32(1), 108–116.

Horowitz, J. F., Sidossis, L. S., & Coyle, E. F. (1994). High efficiency of type I muscle fibers improves performance. International journal of sports medicine, 15(03), 152-157.

Jaén-Carrillo, D., Roche-Seruendo, L. E., Cartón-Llorente, A., & García-Pinillos, F. (2022). Agreement between muscle oxygen saturation from two commercially available systems in endurance running: Moxy Monitor versus Humon Hex. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 236(3), 231–237.

Laursen, P. B., Shing, C. M., Peake, J. M., Coombes, J. S., & Jenkins, D. G. (2002). Interval training program optimization in highly trained endurance cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34(11), 1801-1807.

Miranda-Fuentes, C., Guisado-Requena, I. M., Delgado-Floody, P., Arias-Poblete, L., Pérez-Castilla, A., Jerez-Mayorga, D., & Chirosa-Rios, L. J. (2020). Reliability of low-cost near-infrared spectroscopy in the determination of muscular oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration during rest, isometric and dynamic strength activity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8824.

Peikon, E. (2019). The future is NIRS: Muscle oxygen saturation as an estimation of the power-duration relationship. Anat. Physiol. Open Access J, 1, 166.

Rossiter, H. B., Ward, S. A., Kowalchuk, J. M., Howe, F. A., Griffiths, J. R., & Whipp, B. J. (2001). Effects of prior exercise on oxygen uptake and phosphocreatine kinetics during high‐intensity knee‐extension exercise in humans. The Journal of Physiology, 537(1), 291–303.

Santalla, A., Naranjo, J., & Terrados, N. (2009). Muscle efficiency improves over time in world-class cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(5), 1096-1101.

Scholkmann, F., & Scherer-Vrana, A. (2020). Comparison of two NIRS tissue oximeters (moxy and nimo) for non-invasive assessment of muscle oxygenation and perfusion. Oxygen Transport to Tissue XLI, 253-259.

Shibuya, K. I., Tanaka, J., & Ogaki, T. (2004). Muscle oxygenation kinetics at the onset of exercise do not depend on exercise intensity. European journal of applied physiology, 91, 712-715.

Simmons, J. (2017). The assessment of muscle oxygen saturation in students during maximal VO2 exercise and high intensity intervals.

Sucharit, W., Eungpinichpong, W., & Chatchawan, U. (2018). Immediate effects of isometric muscle contraction on muscle oxygenation and muscle torque. Journal of Medical Technology and Physical Therapy, 30(3), 361–369.

Tanaka, H., Bassett Jr, D. R., Swensen, T. C., & Sampedro, R. M. (1993). Aerobic and anaerobic power characteristics of competitive cyclists in the United States Cycling Federation. International journal of sports medicine, 14(06), 334-338.

Vikmoen, O., Ellefsen, S., Trøen, Ø., Hollan, I., Hanestadhaugen, M., Raastad, T., & Rønnestad, B. R. (2016). Strength training improves cycling performance, fractional utilization of VO2max and cycling economy in female cyclists. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 26(4), 384–396.

Vogt, S., Schumacher, Y. O., Blum, A., Roecker, K., Dickhuth, H. H., Schmid, A., & Heinrich, L. (2007). Cycling power output produced during flat and mountain stages in the Giro d'Italia: a case study. Journal of sports sciences, 25(12), 1299-1305.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jpjo.v8i1.56177

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Jajat Darajat Kusumah Negara

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

web
statistics

View My Stats