Elementary School Students’ Conflict: Fundamental Understanding, Forms, Post-Conflict Effect, and the Involvement of Teachers, Parents, and Friends

Citra Bahadur Hanum, Mubiar Agustin, Bunyamin Maftuh

Abstract


Elementary school age brings out many differences between students. It does not deny that it can lead to conflict, such as hitting, direct and indirect aggression manifested in the form of verbal abuse, gesture threats, and destruction of property. The impact of mishandling conflict in the school context can cause several negative consequences. This research aims to analyze the student conflict in elementary schools. It used a qualitative approach with a phenomenology method. The research subjects were 55 elementary school students (29 girls and 26 boys) in one city in West Java province. Obtaining further data through the help of research instruments, namely open-ended surveys and in-depth interviews. This research used the Miles and Huberman analysis technique. The result showed that (1) students' comprehension of conflict meaning lies to crime, dispute, problem or riot, argument, and enmity; (2) students found conflict words from the platform and other places they are used to; (3) students’ conflict forms are psychic and verbal; (4) there are the 11 post-conflict effects; (5) other parties’ involvement are students’ friend, teacher, and parents. Students’ fundamental method to understand a conflict is their experience and view relating to the level of conflict concept and handling method. External parties’ involvement is significant in offering help to l students’ conflict impact. The research result is expected as considered for the regulation or juridical matters directed at the knowledge of conflict and ways of handling it.

Keywords


Elementary School; Student; Conflict; Post-Conflict; Involvement

References


Aeni, A. N. (2015). Menjadi Guru Sd Yang Memiliki Kompetensi Personal-Religius Melalui Program One Day One Juz (Odoj). Mimbar Sekolah Dasar, 2(2), 212–223. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v2i2.1331

Agustin, M., Puspita, R. D., Inten, D. N., & Setiyadi, R. (2021). Early Detection and Stimulation of Multiple Intelligences in Kindergarten. International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 873–890. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14450a

American Psychological Association. (2017). Sexual Assault Harassment. https://www.apa.org/topics/sexual-assault-harrassment

Atıcı, M. (2007). Primary School Students’ Conflict Resolution Strategies in Turkey. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 29(2), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10447-007-9033-x

Burke, R. J., Greenglass, E. R., & Schwarzer, R. (1996). Predicting Teacher Burnout Over Time: Effects of Work Stress, Social Support, and Self-Doubts on Burnout and Its Consequences. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 9(3), 261–275. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10615809608249406

Carruthers, W. L., & Others, A. (1996). Conflict Resolution: An Examination of the Research Literature and a Model for Program Evaluation. School Counselor, 44(1), 5–18. http://proxy.mul.missouri.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,cookie,url,uid&db=eric&AN=EJ538835&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Cassidy, T. (2009). Bullying and victimization in school children: The role of social identity, problem-solving style, and family and school context. Social Psychology of Education, 12, 63–76. https://doi.org/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11218-008-9066-y

Churiyah, M., Sholikhan, S., Filianti, F., & Sakdiyyah, D. A. (2020). Indonesia education readiness conducting distance learning in Covid-19 pandemic situation. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(6), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i6.1833

Cole, M., & Cole, S. R. (2001). The Development of Children. Worth Publisher.

Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage publications.

Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational Aggression, Gender, and Social‐Psychological Adjustment. Child Development, 66(3), 710–722. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00900.x

Curelaru, M., Iacob, I., & Abalasei, B. (2009). School Bullying: Definition, Characteristics, and Intervention Strategies. Revista de Cercetare Si Interventie Sociala, 26, 7. https://www.proquest.com/openview/92779593d9c952cd017c6ae67fcc0a8e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2031098

da Silva, P. A., Lunardi, V. L., Lunardi, G. L., Arejano, C. B., Ximenes, A. S., & Ribeiro, J. P. (2017). Violence against Children and Adolescents: Characteristics of Notified Cases in a Southern Reference Center of Brazil. Enfermeria Global, 16(2), 432–444. https://doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.16.2.235251

Davies, M., Patel, F., & Rogers, P. (2013). Examining the Roles of Victim-Perpetrator Relationship and Emotional Closeness in Judgments Toward a Depicted Child Sexual Abuse Case. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 28(5), 887–909. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512459376

Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral Antecedents of Peer Social Status. Child Development, 54, 1386–1399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/1129802

Dombrowski, S. C., & Gischlar, K. L. (2006). Supporting School Professionals through the Establishment of a School District Policy on Child Maltreatment. Education, 127(2), 234–243. https://www.academia.edu/download/79369732/2006_20SUPPORTING_20SCHOOL_20PROFESSIONALS_20THROUGH_20THE_20ESTABLISHMENT_20OF_20A_20SCHOOL_20DISTRICT_20POLICY_20ON_20CHILD_20MALTREAT.pdf

Drafke, M. W. (2009). The Human Side of Organizations. Pearson.

Elliot, M. (2008). Bullying: a Practical Guide to Coping for Schools. Pearson Education in association with Kidscape.

Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003). Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go from Here? School Psychology Review, 32(3), 365–383. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/02796015.2003.12086206

Güneri, O. Y., & Çoban, R. (2004). The Effect of Conflict Resolution Training on Turkish Elementary School Students: A Quasi-Experimental Investigation. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 26(2), 109–124. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:ADCO.0000027425.24225.87

Hart, J., & Gunty, M. (1997). The Impact of a Peer Mediation Program on an Elementary School Environment. Peace & Change, 22(1), 76–92. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/0149-0508.00038

Hoover, J. H., & Olson, G. (2000). Sticks and Stones May Break Their Bones: Teasing as Bullying. Reclaiming Children and Youth, 9(2), 87–91. https://doi.org/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ625991

IRIMESCU, G. (2016). A New Image of Violence Against Children-Bullying Type Behavior. Scientific Annals of the “Al. I. Cuza” University, Iasi. Sociology & Social Work / Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii “Al. I. Cuza” Iasi Sociologie Si Asistenta Sociala, 9(1), 5–19. https://ezproxy.lsuhsc.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sih&AN=117449184&site=ehost-live

Jan, M. A., & Husain, S. (2015). Bullying in Elementary Schools: Its Causes and Effects on Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(19), 43–57. https://doi.org/https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1079521

Johnson, D. P. (1986). Teori Sosiologi Klasik dan Modern. In Diterjemahkan oleh Robert MZ Lawang. Gramedia.

Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R., Dudley, B., & Acikgoz, K. (1994). Effects of Conflict Resolution Training on Elementary School Students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 134(6), 803–817. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1994.9923015

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1996). Conflict Resolution and Peer Mediation Programs in Elementary and Secondary Schools: A Review of the Research. Review of Educational Research, 66(4), 459–506. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543066004459

Koch, M., & Miller, S. (1987). Resolving Student Conflicts with Student Mediators. Principal, 66(4), 59–62.

Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI). (2023). Data Kasus Perlindungan Anak dari Pengaduan ke KPAI Tahun 2023. https://bankdata.kpai.go.id/tabulasi-data/data-kasus-perlindungan-anak-dari-pengaduan-ke-kpai-tahun-2023

KPAI. (2014). KPAI: Kasus Bullying dan Pendidikan Karakter. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-kasus-bullying-dan-pendidikan-karakter

KPAI. (2015). Pelaku Kekerasa Anak Tiap Tahun Meningkat. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/kpai-pelaku-kekerasan-terhadap-anak-tiap-tahun-meningkat

KPAI. (2020). Sejumlah Kasus Bullying Sudah Warnai Catatan Masalah Anak di Awal 2020, Begini Kata Komisioner KPAI. https://www.kpai.go.id/publikasi/sejumlah-kasus-bullying-sudah-warnai-catatan-masalah-anak-di-awal-2020-begini-kata-komisioner-kpai

Lane, P. S., & McWhirter, J. J. (1992). A Peer Mediation Model: Conflict Resolution for Elementary and Middle School Children. Elementary School Guidance & Counseling, 27(1), 15–23. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ454113#:~:text=A Peer Mediation Model%3A Conflict Resolution for Elementary,be used with elementary and middle school students.

Larousse, P. (2006). Marele dicţionar al psihologiei. Bucureşti, Romania: Editura Trei.

Mariani, M., & Silvestro, K. (2020). Making Choices to Resolve Conflict: An Evaluation of the Kelso’s Choice Program for Elementary Students. Professional School Counseling, 23(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x20940665

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif: Buku Sumber tentang Metode-Metode Baru. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia (UI-Press).

Mitchell, C. R. (2011). Conflict, Change and Conflict Resolution. Advancing Conflict Transformation: The Berghof Handbook II, 76–98. https://berghof-foundation.org/files/publications

Nielsen, M. B., Tangen, T., Idsoe, T., Matthiesen, S. B., & Magerøy, N. (2015). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder as a Consequence of Bullying at Work and at School. A Literature Review and Meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 21, 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.01.001

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School. What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell Publishers.

Omisore, B. O., & Abiodun, A. R. (2014). Organizational Conflicts: Causes, Effects and Remedies. International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences, 3(6). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarems/v3-i6/1351

Owens, L., Shute, R., & Slee, P. (2000). “Guess What I Just Heard!”: Indirect Aggression among Teenage Girls in Australia. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 26(1), 67–83. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1098-2337(2000)26:1<67::AID-AB6>3.0.CO;2-C

Article 29 Section 2 of the 1945 Constitution, (1945).

Article 31 Section 3 of the 1945 Constitution, (1945).

The Fourth Paragraph of the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, (1945).

Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Chapter II Article 3, (2003).

Politik Pusat Penelitian. (2018). Kondisi Intoleransi di Indonesia Rendah. https://www.validnews.id/Infografis-Kondisi-Intoleransi-Di-Indonesia-Rendah-dH

Powers, R. B., & Kirkpatrick, K. (2013). Playing With Conflict: Teaching Conflict Resolution Through Simulations and Games. Simulation and Gaming, 44(1), 51–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878112455487

Rigby, K. (2007). Bullying in Schools. In Bullying in Schools: And What to Do about It: And What to Do about It (pp. 48–66). ACER Press Camberwell, Vic.

Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. (2009). Organizational Behavior. Pearson South Africa.

Saodah, Maftuh, B., Malihah, E., & Sapriya. (2023). Developing Conflict Resolution Skills Through Scouting Activities at Elementary Schools. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(4), 5431–5439. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i4.3628

Schermerhorn, J. R., Osborn, R. N., Uhl-Bien, M., & Hunt, J. G. (2011). Organizational Behavior. Jhon Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Smith, P. K. (2004). Bullying: Recent Developments. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 9(3), 98–103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-3588.2004.00089.x

Türnüklü, A., & Şahin, İ. (2004). Examining 13-14 Years Old Students’ Conflict Resolution Strategies. Turkish Psychological Articles, 7(13), 45–61.

UNICEF. (2006). Child Maltreatment: Prevalence, Incidence and Consequences in the East Asia and Pacific Region. https://www.unicef.org/eap/reports/child-maltreatment

United Nations. (2016). Ending the Torment: Tackling Bullying from the Schoolyard to Cyberspace. United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary General on Violence Against Children. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ha_Le43/publication/309193756_Bullying_and_Educational_Stress_in_Schools_in_East_Asia/links/

Wang, J., Iannotti, R. J., & Nansel, T. R. (2009). School Bullying among Adolescents in the United States: Physical, Verbal, Relational, and Cyber. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(4), 368–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.03.021

Wasino, W., Putro, S., Aji, A., Kurniawan, E., & Shintasiwi, F. A. (2019). From Assimilation to Pluralism and Multiculturalism Policy:State Policy Towards Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal, 29(2), 213–223. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/10.15294/paramita.v29i1.20869

Weitzman, E. A., & Weitzman, P. F. (2000). Problem Solving and Decision Making in Conflict Resolution. In M. D. & P. T. Coleman (Ed.), The Handbook of Conflict Resolution: Theory and Practice. Jossey-Bass/Wiley.

Xu, M. A., & Storr, G. B. (2012). Learning the concept of researcher as instrument in qualitative research. Qualitative Report, 17(21), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2012.1768




DOI: https://doi.org/10.53400/mimbar-sd.v11i2.71801

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2024 Mimbar Sekolah Dasar

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View Mimbar Sekolah Dasar Stats