Pengaruh Mendongeng Terhadap Kemampuan Adaptif Anak Keterbelakangan Mental
Abstract
Abstract:. Adaptive ability is necessary to help individuals interact in their environment, only in children with mental retardation of adaptive ability is growing far below his age. One of the adaptive abilities is the ability of language which is the ability of language in social sense. Speaking can evolve through a variety of methods and approaches and one of them is storytelling. Very little research into fairy tales, so that researchers want to know the role of it. This study aims to determine the effect of storytelling on the adaptive ability of the development of language mentally mentally retarded. This research is useful for the development of developmental, clinical, and educational psychology science as well as for parents who have children with mental retardation as well as for teachers and professionals who help provide treatment in children mentally retarded. This research is experimental with Repeated Measures Design technique. Statistical analysis technique used is Friedman repeated measurement method. The subjects of this study were 3 children aged 9-12 years with the level of intelligence MR Ringan. Measurement of adaptive ability in research subjects is by adaptive behavior scale from AAMD which is repeated three times after the storytelling session is carried out. The results showed that giving the handling with fairy tale regularly as many as nine times in a row for three weeks have a significant effect on the ability of adaptive child development language with mental retardation.
Keywords: Storytelling, adaptive ability, mentally retarded child
Abstrak: Kemampuan adaptif sangat diperlukan untuk membantu individu berinteraksi di lingkungannya, hanya saja pada anak dengan keterbelakangan mental kemampuan adaptif ini berkembang jauh di bawah usianya. Salah satu kemampuan adaptif adalah kemampuan berbahasa yang merupakan kemampuan berbahasa dalam artian sosial. Berbahasa dapat berkembang melalui beragam metode dan pendekatan dan salah satunya adalah mendongeng. Masih sangat sedikit penelitian yang mendalami dongeng sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui peran darinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh mendongeng terhadap kemampuan adaptif yakni pada perkembangan berbahasa anak keterbelakangan mental. Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan psikologi perkembangan, klinis, dan pendidikan serta bagi para orang tua yang memiliki anak dengan keterbelakangan mental juga bagi para guru dan professional yang membantu memberikan penanganan pada anak keterbelakangan mental. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental dengan teknik Repeated Measures Design. Teknik analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah metode Friedman repeated measurement. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 3 orang anak usia 9-12 tahun dengan taraf kecerdasan MR Ringan. Pengukuran kemampuan adaptif pada subyek penelitian adalah dengan skala perilaku adaptif dari AAMD yang dilakukan berulang sebanyak tiga kali setelah sesi mendongeng dilaksanakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa memberikan penanganan dengan dongeng secara rutin sebanyak sembilan kali berturut-turut selama tiga minggu berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan adaptif yaitu perkembangan bahasa anak dengan keterbelakangan mental.
Kata kunci: Mendongeng, kemampuan adaptif, anak keterbelakangan mental.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbott, S. & Mcconkey, R. (2006). The barriers to social inclusion as perceived by people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities. Vol 10, Issue 3.
American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Text Revision (DSM IV-TR). Edisi ke-4. Washington, DC: Author.
Brancato, K. (2011). Disney Princess Series: More than Your Average Fairy Tales. Stylus 2.2. ENC 1102.
Donaldson, S.N. (2014). The Secret Life of the Cross-Cultural Fairy Tale: A Comparative Study of the Indonesian Folktale "Bawang Merah, Bawang Putih" and Three European Fairy Tales. University Honors Theses. Paper 91.
Djiwandono, S. E. W (2005). Konseling dan terapi dengan anak dan orang tua. Jakarta: Grasindo.
Drewes, A. (2009). Blending Play Therapy with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fakhrudin, M (2003) Cara mendongeng. diambil dari: http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/web/download/artikel/Cara%20Mendongeng.pdf
Febriana dan Sarwono (2008). Pengalaman dan pemahaman dongeng pada siswa kelas IV SD dari golongan sosial-ekonomi berbeda, JPS vol. 14.
Hidayat (2009). Pengaruh dongeng dalam masa kanak-kanak terhadap perkembangan seseorang, Yinyang issn: 1907-2791, Jurnal studi gender & anak, Pusat Studi Gender, STAIN Purwokerto
Kak Mal (2009). The Power of Story Telling, Kekuatan dongeng terhadap pembentukan karakter anak. Depok: Luxima Metro Media.
Mash, E. J., & Wolfe, D. A. (2010). Abnormal child psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
Marat, S. (2001). Bunga rampai psikologi perkembangan pribadi dari bayi sampai lanjut usia (Munandar, U. Ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia.
Memesevic, H. & Hadzic, S. (2013). Speech and Language Disorders in Children with Intellectual Disability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal DCID. Vol. 24, No. 2.
Mikarsa, H. L (2006). Dongeng dan buku bacaan sebagai informasi wawasan ekonomi. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia.
Ryan, J.C. (2013). Stories of Snow and Fire: The Importance of Narrative to a Critically Pluralistic Environmental Aesthetic. Humanities, 2, 99–118.
Sattler, J. M. (1988). Assessment of children (3rd ed.). San Diego: Sattler Publisher, inc.
Vance, H.B. (1998). Psychological assessment of children (2nd ed.). Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Wenar, C. & Krig, P. (2006). Developmental psychopathology: From infancy through adolescence (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v9i2.7033
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2017 Kampus Cibiru 2016
EduHumaniora: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar
Published in collaboration Program Studi PGSD UPI Kampus Cibiru
and
HDPGSDI
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.