Conversion of Green Silica from Corn Leaf into Zeolites Na A-X

Teguh Kurniawan, Dhimas Satria, Juniafit Bima Saputra, Muhammad Roil Bilad, Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin, Hairus Abdullah

Abstract


Combustion of corn leaf as a model of biomass from agricultural waste is a simple way to obtain the energy. It produces a low-value by-product of ash and is rich in silica that can become a precursor for zeolite production. In this study, acid-treated corn leaves combustion was performed to produce high purity silica (SiO2). The diffraction pattern suggested that the extracted silica was amorphous without the impurities phase. Additionally, the nitrogen isotherm indicated that the material was highly mesoporous silica with a total surface area of 200 m2/g. The hydrothermal method was then applied with a composition molar ratio of 1.25SiO2:1Al2O3:5Na2O:250H2O to synthesize zeolites from the silica. The temperature and time effect on the hydrothermal zeolite’s synthesis was investigated. The diffraction pattern shows that high crystalline zeolite Na A-X was produced at temperatures of 100°C and 8 h hydrothermal time. According to nitrogen physisorption analysis, the zeolite Na A-X consisted of micropores with a total surface area of 270 m2/g. The morphology of zeolite Na A-X was cube for the Na-A and octahedral for the Na-X. The hydrothermal temperature and time highly affected the zeolite formed. This research suggested that the ash waste could be valorized through conversion into a high economic value zeolites.

Keywords


Corn leaf; Green silica; Hydrothermal; Zeolite Na A-X

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Jubouri, S. M., Al-Batty, S. I., and Holmes, S. M. (2021). Using the ash of common water reeds as a silica source for producing high purity ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 316, 110953.

Chen, G., Du, G., Ma, W., Yan, B., Wang, Z., and Gao, W. (2015). Production of amorphous rice husk ash in a 500 kW fluidized bed combustor. Fuel, 144, 214-221.

Deng, H., Yi, H., Tang, X., Yu, Q., Ning, P., and Yang, L. (2012). Adsorption equilibrium for sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen on 13X and 5A zeolites. Chemical Engineering Journal, 188, 77-85.

García, A., López, C. M., García, L. V., Casanova, J., and Goldwasser, M. R. (2016). Improvements in the synthesis of zeolites with low Si/Al ratio from Venezuelan sodium silicate for an environmentally friendly process. Ingeniería e Investigación, 36(1), 62-69.

Hums, E. (2017). Synthesis of phase-pure zeolite sodalite from clear solution extracted from coal fly ash. Journal Thermodyn Catal, 8(02), 1000187.

Kalapathy, U., Proctor, A., and Shultz, J. (2000). A simple method for production of pure silica from rice hull ash. Bioresource Technology, 73(3), 257-262.

Kirk, R. E., Othmer, D. F., and Newburger, S. H. (1953). Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Journal of Aoac International, 36(4), 1190a – 1191.

Król, M., Mozgawa, W., Jastrzębski, W., and Barczyk, K. (2012). Application of IR spectra in the studies of zeolites from D4R and D6R structural groups. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 156, 181-188.

Lanning, F. C., Hopkins, T. L., and Loera, J. C. (1980). Silica and ash content and depositional patterns in tissues of mature Zea mays L. plants. Annals of Botany, 45(5), 549-554.

Lee, H. J., Kim, Y. M., Kweon, O. S., and Kim, I. J. (2007). Structural and morphological transformation of NaX zeolite crystals at high temperature. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 27(2-3), 561-564.

Li, Z., Zhai, H., Zhang, Y., and Yu, L. (2012). Cell morphology and chemical characteristics of corn stover fractions. Industrial Crops and Products, 37(1), 130-136.

Liou, T. H., and Yang, C. C. (2011). Synthesis and surface characteristics of nanosilica produced from alkali-extracted rice husk ash. Materials Science and Engineering: B, 176(7), 521-529.

Liu, X. D., Wang, Y. P., Cui, X. M., He, Y., and Mao, J. (2013). Influence of synthesis parameters on NaA zeolite crystals. Powder Technology, 243, 184-193.

Liu, X., and Wang, R. (2017). Effective removal of hydrogen sulfide using 4A molecular sieve zeolite synthesized from attapulgite. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 326, 157–164.

Morissette, R., Savoie, P., and Villeneuve, J. (2011). Combustion of corn stover bales in a small 146-kW boiler. Energies, 4(7), 1102-1111.

Nandiyanto, A. B. D., Oktiani, R., and Ragadhita, R. (2019). How to read and interpret FTIR spectroscope of organic material. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(1), 97-118.

Ng, E. P., Chow, J. H., Mukti, R. R., Muraza, O., Ling, T. C., and Wong, K. L. (2017). Hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite a from bamboo leaf biomass and its catalytic activity in cyanoethylation of methanol under autogenic pressure and air conditions. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 201, 78-85.

Olawale, O. (2020). Bamboo leaves as an alternative source for silica in ceramics using Box Benhken design. Scientific African, 8, e00418.

Pangan, N., Gallardo, S., Gaspillo, P. A., Kurniawan, W., Hinode, H., and Promentilla, M. (2021). Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zeolite A from corn (zea mays) stover ash. Materials, 14(17), 4915.

Pangan, N., Gallardo, S., Gaspillo, P. A., Kurniawan, W., Hinode, H., and Promentilla, M. (2021). Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of zeolite A from corn (zea mays) stover ash. Materials, 14(17), 4915.

Pieła, A., Żymańczyk-Duda, E., Brzezińska-Rodak, M., Duda, M., Grzesiak, J., Saeid, A., and Klimek-Ochab, M. (2020). Biogenic synthesis of silica nanoparticles from corn cobs husks. Dependence of the productivity on the method of raw material processing. Bioorganic Chemistry, 99, 103773.

Purwaningsih, H., Ervianto, Y., Nurdiansyah, H., Rahmawati, Y., and Susanti, D. (2018). Pengaruh Penambahan SiO2 Hasil Ekstraksi Sekam Padi Pada Sintesis Natrium Superionik Konduktor (NASICON) dan Sifat Konduktivitas Ionik Baterai Elektrolit Padat. Jurnal Fisika, 8(2), 68-77.

Ryu, G. U., Kim, G. M., Khalid, H. R., and Lee, H. K. (2019). The effects of temperature on the hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite-zeolite using blast furnace slag. Materials, 12(13).

Sangwichien, C., Aranovich, G. L., and Donohue, M. (2002). Density Functional Theory Predictions of Adsorption Isotherms With Hysteresis Loops. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 206, 313–320.

Setiawan, A., Hanun, J. N., and Afiuddin, A. E. (2020). Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Zeolit dari Abu Bagasse Sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat Cu(II). Jurnal Presipitasi, 17(1), 85–95.

Shakouri, M., Exstrom, C. L., Ramanathan, S., Suraneni, P., and Vaux, J. S. (2020). Pretreatment of corn stover ash to improve its effectiveness as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete. Cement and Concrete Composites, 112, 103658.

Shim, J., Velmurugan, P., and Oh, B.-T. (2015). Extraction and physical characterization of amorphous silica made from corn cob ash at variable pH conditions via sol gel processing. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 30, 249–253.

Silahooy, S. (2020). Analisis Serbuk Silika Amorf (SiO2) Berbahan Dasar Pasir. Science Map Journal, 2(2), 75-78.

Simanjuntak, W., Pandiangan, K. D., Sembiring, Z., Simanjuntak, A., and Hadi, S. (2021). The effect of crystallization time on structure, microstructure, and catalytic activity of zeolite-A synthesized from rice husk silica and food-grade aluminum foil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 148, 106050.

Solar, J., De Marco, I., Caballero, B. M., Lopez-Urionabarrenechea, A., Rodriguez, N., Agirre, I., and Adrados, A. (2016). Influence of temperature and residence time in the pyrolysis of woody biomass waste in a continuous screw reactor. Biomass and Bioenergy, 95, 416-423.

Steven, S., Restiawaty, E., Pasymi, P., and Bindar, Y. (2021). An appropriate acid leaching sequence in rice husk ash extraction to enhance the produced green silica quality for sustainable industrial silica gel purpose. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 122, 51-57.

Suwanmaneechot, P., Nochaiya, T., and Julphunthong, P. (2015). Improvement, characterization and use of waste corn cob ash in cement-based materials. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 103, 12023.

Thommes, M., Kaneko, K., Neimark, A. V., Olivier, J. P., Rodriguez-Reinoso, F., Rouquerol, J., and Sing, K. S. (2015). Physisorption of gases, with special reference to the evaluation of surface area and pore size distribution (IUPAC Technical Report). Pure and applied chemistry, 87(9-10), 1051-1069.

Wang, L., Shahbazi, A., and Hanna, M. A. (2011). Characterization of corn stover, distiller grains and cattle manure for thermochemical conversion. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(1), 171–178.

Wu, Z., Xie, J., Liu, H., Chen, T., Cheng, P., Wang, C., and Kong, D. (2018). Preparation, characterization, and performance of 4A zeolite based on opal waste rock for removal of ammonium ion. Adsorption Science and Technology, 36(9-10), 1700–1715.

Yao, G., Lei, J., Zhang, X., Sun, Z., and Zheng, S. (2018). One-step hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite X powder from natural low-grade diatomite. Materials, 11(6), 906.

Yu, C., Wang, H., Lu, M., Zhu, F., Yang, Y., Huang, H., Zou, C., Xiong, J., and Zhong, Z. (2020). Application of rice straw, corn cob, and lotus leaf as agricultural waste derived catalysts for low temperature SCR process: Optimization of preparation process, catalytic activity and characterization. Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 20(4), 862–876.

Zhang, S., Cui, M., Chen, J., Ding, Z., Wang, X., Mu, Y., and Meng, C. (2019). Modification of synthetic zeolite X by thiourea and its adsorption for Cd (II). Materials Letters, 236, 233–235.

Zulkifli, N. S. C., Ab Rahman, I., Mohamad, D., and Husein, A. (2013). A green sol-gel route for the synthesis of structurally controlled silica particles from rice husk for dental composite filler. Ceramics International, 39(4), 4559–4567.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i2.45831

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology is published by UPI.
StatCounter - Free Web Tracker and Counter
View My Stats