Email this article 
Aerodynamic Performance of Vertical and Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines: A Comparison Review
Abstract
The need for energy and electricity has been increasing globally, and this means more power is required from the power plants. Power plants, however, will then continue harming the earth because of the greenhouse gasses produced while generating energies that contribute to global warming. Using renewable sources to produce clean energies is one of the sustainable methods to deal with such challenges. Wind energy is one of the renewable sources, which is accessible anywhere on earth, creating green energy. Wind turbines are mainly categorized into Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWT) and Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWT). This paper firstly presents a general comparison between the HAWTs and VAWTs. Then, it presents mathematical modelling for the aerodynamic factors of HAWT and Darrieus VAWT to assist the researchers to understand some key design aspects of wind turbines, such as lift/drag ratio, tip speed ratio, power coefficient, and torque coefficient. Also, this paper presents a review of the aerodynamic performance of the recent VAWT designs to help researchers to identify and choose the best model among the Savonius and Darrieus rotors for further development or designing a new model at different wind conditions. This comparison review shows that for a large scale HAWT upwind 3 bladed wind turbines are the most optimum. The helical Savonius rotors perform better by having positive torque coefficient at all azimuth angles. Moreover, helical Darrieus was found to produce lesser noise and suitable for conventional areas. hybrid Savonius-Darrieus rotors can solve the self-starting challenge of the VAWTs, and they are suitable at low wind speeds. At last, this review shows some of the recent hybrid Savonius-Darrieus rotors which would help to solve the low efficiency of Savonius rotor and self-starting challenge of Darrieus rotors.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmedov, A. (2016). Investigation of the Performance of a Hybrid Wind Turbine Darrieus-Savonius, Abstract of PhD Thesis. Retrieved on December 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323358444_Investigation_of_the_Performance_of_a_Hybrid_Wind_Turbine_Darrieus-Savonius _Abstract_of_PhD_Thesis?channel=doi&linkId=5a8ff4a2aca272140560fca9&showFulltext=true.
Akhmedov, D. S., Eryomin, D. I., Yagfarova, N. I., and Turarbekov, M. K. (2016). Mathematical model to calculate the performance of low power vertical axis wind turbine. International Journal of Advances in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4(1), 23-25.
Ali, N. M., Aljabair, S., and Abdul Hassan, A. K. (2019). An experimental and numerical investigation on Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine types at low wind speed. International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS, 19(06), 97-110.
Alit, I. B., Sutanto, R., Mara, I. M., and Mirmanto, M. (2017). Effect of concentrator, blade diameter and blade number on the savonius wind turbine performance. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(2), 343-351.
Al-Obaidi, A. S. M. (2021). CDIO initiative: A guarantee for successful accreditation of engineering programmes. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 81-92.
Al-Obaidi, A. S. M., Al-Qassar, A., Nasser, A. R., Alkhayyat, A., Humaidi, A. J., and Ibraheem, I. K. (2021). Embedded design and implementation of mobile robot for surveillance applications. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 427-440.
Al-Qassar, A. A., Al-Obaidi, A. S. M., Hasan, A. F., Humaidi, A. J., Nasser, A. R., Alkhayyat, A., and Ibraheem, I. K. (2021). Finite-Time control of wing-rock motion for delta wing aircraft based on whale-optimization algorithm. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 6(3), 441-456.
Altan, B. D., Atılgan, M., and Özdamar, A. (2008). An experimental study on improvement of a Savonius rotor performance with curtaining. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 32(8), 1673-1678.
Altan, B., and Atılgan, M. (2010). The use of a curtain design to increase the performance level of a Savonius wind rotors. Renewable Energy, 35, 821-829.
Anggraeni, S., Maulidina, A., Dewi, M.W., Rahmadianti, S., Rizky, Y.P.C., Arinalhaq, Z.F., Usdiyana, D., Nandiyanto, A.B.D. and Al-Obaidi, A.S. (2020). The deployment of drones in sending drugs and patient blood samples COVID-19. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(2),18-25.
Aslam Bhutta, M. M., Hayat, N., Farooq, A. U., Ali, Z., Jamil, S. R., and Hussain, Z. (2012). Vertical axis wind turbine - A review of various configurations and design techniques. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(4), 1926-1939.
Bayati, I., Belloli, M., Bernini, L., and Zasso, A. (2017). Aerodynamic design methodology for wind tunnel tests of wind turbine rotors. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 167, 217-227.
Bergey, K. ~H. (1979). The Lanchester-Betz limit. Journal of Energy, 3, 382-384.
Betz, A. (2013). The Maximum of the Theoretically Possible Exploitation of Wind by Means of a Wind Motor. Wind Engineering, 37(4), 441-446.
Boz, T., Toptas, E., and Bayrak, M. A. (2020). Vertical axis hybrid wind turbine design. Journal of Mechatronics and Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 1(1), 33-40.
Brusca, S., Lanzafame, R., and Messina, M. (2014). Design of a vertical-axis wind turbine: how the aspect ratio affects the turbine’s performance. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 5, 1-8.
Cai, X., Zhang, Y., Ding, W., and Bian, S. (2019). The aerodynamic performance of H-type Darrieus VAWT rotor with and without winglets: CFD simulations. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 41, 1-12.
Carrigan, T. J., Dennis, B. H., Han, Z. X., and Wang, B. P. (2012). Aerodynamic shape optimization of a vertical-axis wind turbine using differential evolution. ISRN Renewable Energy, 2012, 528418.
Castellani, F., Astolfi, D., Peppoloni, M., Natili, F., Buttà, D., and Hirschl, A. (2019). Experimental vibration analysis of a small-scale vertical wind energy system for residential use. Machines, 7, 35.
Castelli, M. R., Englaro, A., and Benini, E. (2011). The darrieus wind turbine: Proposal for a new performance prediction model based on CFD. Energy, 36(8), 4919-4934.
Damota, J., Lamas, M. I., Couce-Casanova, A., and Rodríguez-García, J. (2015). Vertical axis wind turbines: Current technologies and future trends. International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality (ICREPQ’15), 1(13), 530-535.
Darkwah, W. K., Odum, B., Addae, M., Koomson, D., Kwakye Danso, B., Oti-Mensah, E., Asenso, T., and Buanya, B. (2018). Greenhouse effect: Greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 17, 1-9.
Eftekhari, H., Al-Obaidi, A. S. M., and Eftekhari, S. (2020). The effect of spoiler shape and setting angle on racing cars aerodynamic performance. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(1), 11-20.
Eftekhari, S., and Al-Obaidi, A. S. M. (2019). Investigation of a cruising fixed wing mini unmanned aerial vehicle performance optimization. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(2), 280-293.
El-Zafry, A., Cairo, Omar, E., El-Hameed, A., Saffaa, M., Hassan, M., and Shaheen, M. (2019). A review on the types of vertical axis wind turbines and the methods of their performance study. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 6, 10633–10643.
Fadl, A., Abbasher, M., Younis, O., and El seory, A. (2018). A numerical investigation of the performance of wind turbine airfoils with gurney flaps and airfoilshape alteration. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (JESTEC), 13, 1-16.
Fauziah, N. R., Maoludin, S. A., Ramadhan, W. S., Wafi, W., Khoerunnisa, F., Winarno, N. (2021). Geothermal: from education to a new solution for renewable energy. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 85-88.
Feng, F., Li, S., Li, Y., and Xu, D. (2012). Torque characteristics simulation on small scale combined type vertical axis wind turbine. Physics Procedia, 24, 781-786.
Fleming, P. D., and Probert, S. D. (1984). The evolution of wind-turbines: An historical review. Applied Energy, 18(3), 163-177.
Giguère, P., and Selig, M. S. (1997). Low reynolds number airfoils for small horizontal axis wind turbines. Wind Engineering, 21(6), 367-380.
Habibi, H., Koma, A. Y., and Howard, I. (2017). Power improvement of non-linear wind turbines during partial load operation using fuzzy inference control. Journal of Control Engineering and Applied Informatics, 19(2), 31-42.
Hejazi, M. (2006). Persian architecture: Conformity with nature in hot-dry regions. International Journal of Design and Nature and Ecodynamics, 1(2), 186-196.
Hidayah, F., Muslihah, F., Nuraida, I., Winda, R., Vania, V., Rusdiana, D. and Suwandi, T. (2021). Steam power plant powered by wood sawdust waste: A prototype of energy crisis solution. Indonesian Journal of Teaching in Science, 1(1), 39-46.
Hilewit, D., Matida, E. A., Fereidooni, A., el Ella, H., and Nitzsche, F. (2019). Power coefficient measurements of a novel vertical axis wind turbine. Energy Science and Engineering, 7(6),
-2382.
Hosseini, A., and Goudarzi, N. (2019). Design and CFD study of a hybrid vertical-axis wind turbine by employing a combined Bach-type and H-Darrieus rotor systems. Energy Conversion and Management, 189, 49-59.
Irawan, A. K., Rusdiana, D., Setiawan, W., Purnama, W., Fauzi, R.M., Fauzi, S. A., A. H.F. Alfani, A. H. F., and Arfiyogo, M. R. (2021). Design-construction of a solar cell energy water pump as a clean water source for people in Sirnajaya Village, Gununghalu District. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering Education, 1(1), 15-20.
Islam, M. R., Mekhilef, S., and Saidur, R. (2013). Progress and recent trends of wind energy technology. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 21, 456-468.
Islam, M., Ting, D. S.-K., and Fartaj, A. (2008). Aerodynamic models for Darrieus-type straight-bladed vertical axis wind turbines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 12(4), 1087-1109.
Jadallah, A. A., Farag, S. R., and Hamdi, J. D. (2018). Performance enhancement of a darrius 3-bladed wind turbine using convergent-divergent ducting system. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13(7), 1891-1904.
Jadallah, A. A., Farag, S. R., and Hamdi, J. D. (2018). Performance enhancement of a darrius 3-bladed wind turbine using convergent-divergent ducting system. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (JESTEC), 13(7), 1891-1904.
Jin, G., Zong, Z., Jiang, Y., and Zou, L. (2020). Aerodynamic analysis of side-by-side placed twin vertical-axis wind turbines. Ocean Engineering, 209, 107296.
Jung, C., Schindler, D., Buchholz, A., and Laible, J. (2017). Global gust climate evaluation and its influence on wind turbines. Energies, 10(10), 1474.
Kamoji, M. A., Kedare, S. B., and Prabhu, S. V. (2009). Experimental investigations on single stage modified Savonius rotor. Applied Energy, 86(7), 1064-1073.
Kareem, K., Rasheed, M., Liaquat, A., Hassan, A.M.M., Javed, M.I. and Asif, M. (2022). Clean energy production from jatropha plant as renewable energy source of biodiesel. ASEAN Journal of Science and Engineering, 2(2), 193-198.
Karthikeyan, N., Kalidasa Murugavel, K., Arun Kumar, S., and Rajakumar, S. (2015). Review of aerodynamic developments on small horizontal axis wind turbine blade. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 42, 801-822.
Kuik, G. (2007). The lanchester-betz-joukowsky limit. Wind Energy, 10, 289-291.
Kumara, E. A. D., Hettiarachchi, N., and Jayathilake, R. (2017). Review paper: Overview of the vertical axis wind turbines. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology, 4, 2313-3759.
Lakhal, Y., Fatima Zahra, B., and El Bakkali, L. (2017). The efficiency of bond graph approach for a flexible wind turbine modeling. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (JESTEC), 12(11), 2990-3010.
Leishman, J. (2011). Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines. Environmental Science and Engineering (Subseries: Environmental Science), 1, 1-69.
Liang, X., Fu, S., Ou, B., Wu, C., Chao, C. Y. H., and Pi, K. (2017). A computational study of the effects of the radius ratio and attachment angle on the performance of a Darrieus-Savonius combined wind turbine. Renewable Energy, 113, 329-334.
Libii, J. N. (2013). Comparing the calculated coefficients of performance of a class of wind turbines that produce power between 330 kw and 7,500 kw. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 11, 36-40.
Malge, A. M., and Pawar, P. M. (2015). Analysis of lift and drag forces at different azimuth angle of innovative vertical axis wind turbine. International Journal of Energy Engineering, 4(5-8), 12-16.
Manwell, J. F., McCowan, J. G., and Rogers, A. L. (2006). Wind energy explained: Theory, design and application. Wind Engineering, 30(2), 169.
Manyonge, A., Ochieng, P., and Oduor, A. (2014). Mathematical analysis of tip speed ratio of a wind turbine and its effects on power coefficient. International Journal of Mathematics and Soft Computing, 4, 61-66.
Menet, J. L., and de Rezende, T. (2013, August). Static and dynamic study of a conventional Savonius rotor using a numerical simulation. 21è Congrès Français de Mécanique (CFM). Retrieved on December 2021 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262142912_Static_and_dynamic_study_of_a_conventional_Savonius_rotor_using_a_numerical_simulation
Mishra, T., Jain, A., Nair, A., Khanna, B., and Mitra, S. (2020). Numerical and experimental investigations on a dimpled savonius vertical axis wind turbine. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, 10(2), 646-653.
Mohammed, A. A., and Mustafa, V. (2013). An easily programmable analysis approach for vertical axis wind turbines. The Eighth Asia-Pacific Conference on Wind Engineering, 4(2), 10-14.
Mohammed, A. A., Ouakad, H. M., Sahin, A. Z., and Bahaidarah, H. (2019). Vertical axis wind turbine aerodynamics: summary and review of momentum models. Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 141(5), 050801.
Muzammil, W. K., Wong, K. H., Chong, W. T., Gwani, M., Wang, C. T., Poh, S. C., and Wang, X. H. (2017). Design and early development of a novel cross axis wind turbine. Energy Procedia, 105, 668-674.
Nemati, A. (2020). Three-dimensional numerical study of the performance of a small combined savonius-darrieus vertical wind turbine. Iranian (Iranica) Journal of Energy and Environment, 11(2), 163-169.
Osei, E., Opoku, R., Sunnu, A., and Adaramola, M. (2020). Development of high performance airfoils for application in small wind turbine power generation. Journal of Energy, 2020, 1-9.
Pallotta, A., Pietrogiacomi, D., and Romano, G. P. (2020). HYBRI - A combined Savonius-Darrieus wind turbine: Performances and flow fields. Energy, 191, 116433.
Patel, A. R., and Sapariya, P. S. (2017). A review on the performance of helical darrieus vertical axis wind turbine. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 2(4), 52-54.
Promdee, C., and Photong, C. (2016). Effects of wind angles and wind speeds on voltage generation of savonius wind turbine with double wind tunnels. Procedia Computer Science, 86, 401-404.
Putri, B. M., Ningrum, L., Maulida, N. M. (2021). Simple micro-hydro uses water as a renewable energy source. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 23-28.
Ranjbar, M., Nasrazadani, S., Zanganeh, H., and Gharali, K. (2019). Reaching the betz limit experimentally and numerically. Energy Equipment and Systems, 7(3), 271-278.
Rezaeiha, A., Montazeri, H., and Blocken, B. (2018). Characterization of aerodynamic performance of vertical axis wind turbines: Impact of operational parameters. Energy Conversion and Management, 169, 45-77.
Saha, U. K., Thotla, S., and Maity, D. (2008). Optimum design configuration of Savonius rotor through wind tunnel experiments. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(8), 1359-1375.
Sanusi, A., Soeparman, S., Wahyudi, S., and Yuliati, L. (2016). Experimental study of combined blade savonius wind turbine. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (IJRER), 6(2), 614-619.
Sarkar, A., and Behera, D. K. (2012). Wind turbine blade efficiency and power calculation with electrical analogy. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(2), 1-5.
Schubel, P., and Crossley, R. (2012). Wind turbine blade design. Energies, 5(9), 3425-3449.
Sharma, S., and Sharma, R. K. (2016). Performance improvement of Savonius rotor using multiple quarter blades - A CFD investigation. Energy Conversion and Management, 127, 43-54.
Sihombing, D. A., Yulianti, L., Prima E. C. (2021). Aloe vera as an alternative energy source. Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research, 1(1), 29-34.
Sørensen, J. N. (2011). Aerodynamic aspects of wind energy conversion. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 43(1), 427-448.
Stout, C., Islam, S., White, A., Arnott, S., Kollovozi, E., Shaw, M., Droubi, G., Sinha, Y., and Bird, B. (2017). Efficiency Improvement of vertical axis wind turbines with an upstream deflector. Energy Procedia, 118, 141-148.
Su, J., Chen, Y., Han, Z., Zhou, D., Bao, Y., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Investigation of V-shaped blade for the performance improvement of vertical axis wind turbines. Applied Energy, 260, 114326.
Thresher, R. W., and Dodge, D. M. (1999). Trends in the evolution of wind turbine generator configurations and systems. Wind Energy, 1, 70-86.
Tjiu, W., Marnoto, T., Sohif, M., Ruslan, M. H., and Sopian, K. (2015). Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine for power generation I: Assessment of Darrieus VAWT configurations. Renewable Energy, 75, 50-67.
Wakui, T., Tanzawa, Y., Hashizume, T., and Nagao, T. (2005). Hybrid configuration of Darrieus and Savonius rotors for stand‐alone wind turbine‐generator systems. Electrical Engineering in Japan, 150, 13-22.
Wang, F., Bai, L., Fletcher, J., Whiteford, J., and Cullen, D. (2008). Development of small domestic wind turbine with scoop and prediction of its annual power output. Renewable Energy, 33(7), 1637-1651.
Wang, Z., and Zhuang, M. (2017). Leading-edge serrations for performance improvement on a vertical-axis wind turbine at low tip-speed-ratios. Applied Energy, 208, 1184-1197.
Wang, Z., Tian, W., and Hu, H. (2018). A Comparative study on the aeromechanic performances of upwind and downwind horizontal-axis wind turbines. Energy Conversion and Management, 163, 100-110.
Wenehenubun, F., Saputra, A., and Sutanto, H. (2015). An experimental study on the performance of savonius wind turbines related with the number of blades. Energy Procedia, 68, 297-304.
Yao, H. B. and Y. (2011). Double multiple streamtube model and numerical analysis of vertical axis wind turbine. Energy and Power Engineering, 3(3), 262-270.
Yurdusev, M. A., Ata, R., and Çetin, N. S. (2006). Assessment of optimum tip speed ratio in wind turbines using artificial neural networks. Energy, 31(12), 2153-2161.
Zamani, M., Nazari, S., Moshizi, S. A., and Maghrebi, M. J. (2016). Three-dimensional simulation of J-shaped Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine. Energy, 116, 1243-1255.
Zanforlin, S., and Nishino, T. (2016). Fluid dynamic mechanisms of enhanced power generation by closely spaced vertical axis wind turbines. Renewable Energy, 99, 1213-1226.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v7i1.43161
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology is published by UPI.
View My Stats