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Penalaran ilmiah merupakan keterampilan penting yang seharusnya dimiliki siswa pada abad ke-21. Namun, kemampuan ini di Indonesia masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini terlihat dari hasil tes PISA dimana peringkat Indonesia berada di posisi 64 dari total 72 negara. Salah satu bentuk penanggulangan permasalahan tersebut, peneliti melakukan karakteristik Tes Penalaran Ilmiah (TPI) pada materi hukum gravitasi dengan menggunakan item response theory. Tes dilakukan pada siswa SMA kelas X dan XI MIA di lima sekolah negeri di kota Bandung. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan desain konstruksi dan validasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan partial credit model, 15 dari soal 14 yang dikonstruksi soal memiliki indeks kesukaran antara -2b2 artinya tergolong dalam kategori baik. Soal reliabel untuk kemampuan siswa rendah, sedang, dan tinggi karena bernilai -0,12.
Kata Kunci: Penalaran Ilmiah; Item Response Theory; Partial Credit Model
ABSTRACT
Scientific reasoning is an important skill that students should have in the 21st century. However, this ability in Indonesia is still relatively low. This is evident from the results of the PISA test where Indonesia ranked in position 64 of a total of 72 countries. One form of overcoming these problems, researchers do characteristic of Scientific Reasoning Test (TPI) on gravity law material by using item response theory. The test was conducted on high school students of class X and XI MIA in five public schools in Bandung. The method used in this research is quantitative method with construction design and validation. Data were analyzed using a partial credit model, 15 of which 14 constructed about having an index of difficulty between -2≤b≤2 means belonging to either category. Reliable problem for low, medium, and high student ability because it is worth -0,1-2.
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