REVIU SELF-TALK: KONSEP, DIMENSI, DAN PERSPEKTIF TEORI
Abstract
Reviu self-talk ini dimaksudkan untuk menstimulasi penelitian dalam bidang psikologi olahraga. Sebuah telaah kritis yang memaparkan tentang bagaimana konstrak self-talk dibangun dan didefinisikan secara operasional. Self-talk sebagai konstrak multidimensional dapat dipahami dari berbagai dimensi, antara lain dimensi valensi, keterbukaan, interpretasi motivasional, fungsi, dan frekuensi. Kelima dimensi tersebut dalam aplikasinya dapat digunakan secara soliter atau dikombinasikan antara satu dimensi dengan dimensi yang lain. Uraian dilengkapi dengan sebuah analisis empiris dan dinamika psikologis antara self-talk dengan penampilan olahraga dan aspek-aspek psikologis yang digayutnya dari perspektif teori efikasi diri dan perkembangan kognitif.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Araki, K., & Mintah, J.K. (2006). Belief in self-talk dynamic balance perfor-mance. Online Journal of Sport Psychology. 8 (4), 1-12.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self efficacy. the exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Behrend, D., Rosengren, K. and Perlmutter, M. (1989). A new look at the effects of age, task difficulty, and parents’ presence on children’s private speech. International Journal of Behavioural Development, 12, 305–320.
Chroni, S., Perkos, S., & Theodorakis, Y. (2007), Function and preferences of motivational and instructional self-talk for adolescent basketball players. The Online Journal of Sport Psychology, 9 (1), 19-31.
Conroy, D. E. and Coatsworth, J. D. (2007). Coaching behaviours associated with changes in fear of failure: changes in self-talk and need satisfaction as potential mechanisms. Journal of Personality, 75, 383–419.
Cutton, D. M. & Landin, D. (2007). The effects of self-talk and augmented feedback on learning the tennis forehand. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19, 288–303.
Dagrou, E., Gauvin, L., Halliwell, W. (1992). Effect of positive, negative, neutral self talk on motor performance. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 17, 145-147
DeFrancesco, C & Burke. K.L. (1997). Performance enhancement strategies used in a professional tournament. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 28, 185-195.
Ferneyhough, C. and Fradley, E. (2005). Private speech on an executive task: relations with task difficulty and task performance. Cognitive Development, 20, 103–120.
Finn, J.A. (1985). Competitive Excellence: It’s matter of mind and body. The Physician and Sport Medicine, 13, 61-75
Gould, D., Eklund, R. C. and Jackson, S. A. (1992a). 1988 U.S. Olympic wrestling excellence: I. Mental preparation, precompetitive cognition, and affect. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 358–382.
Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (1999). The effects of a multimodal intervention program on performers: training the butterflies to fly in formation. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 22-41.
Hardy, J., Oliver, E., & Tod, D. (2009). A framework for the study and application of self-talk within sport. In S. Mellalieu, & S. Hanton (Eds.), Advances in applied sport psychology. A review (pp. 37e74). New York: Routledge.
Hardy, J. and Hall, C. R. (2006). Exploring coaches’ promotion of athlete self-talk. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 3, 134–149.
Hardy, L., Jones, J. G., & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding psychological prepa-ration for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester: John Wiley.
Hardy, L., & Jones, G. (1994). Current issues and future direction for performance-related research in sport psychology. Journal of Sport Science.12, 30-47
Hardy, J. (2006). Speaking clearly: A critical review of the self-talk literature. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 7, 81–97.
Hardy, J., & Callow, N. (1999). Efficacy of external and internal visual imagery perspective for the enhancement of performance on tasks in which form in important, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 21, 95-112.
Hardy, J., Gammage, K. L., & Hall, C. R. (2001a). A descriptive study of athlete self-talk. The Sport Psychologist, 15, 306-318.
Hardy, J., & Hall, C. R. (2005). A Comparation of test-retest reliabilities using the self-talk use questionnaire. Journal of Sport Behavior, 28 (3), 201-215.
Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., Gibbs, C., & Greenslade, C. (2005). Self-talk gross motor skill performance: An experimental approach? The Online Journal of Sport Psychology. 7 (2), 1-12.
Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Alexander, M. R. (2001b). Exploring self-talk and affective states in sport. Journal of Sport Sciences, 19, 469-475.
Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Hardy, L. (2004). A note on athletes’ use of self-talk. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 251-257.
Hardy, J., Hall, C. R., & Hardy, L. (2005). Quantifying athlete self-talk. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 905-917.
Hardy, L., Jones, G. & Gould, D. (1996). Understanding psychological prepa-ration for sport: theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester: Wiley.
Hardy, J., Roberts, R., & Hardy, L. (2009). Awareness and motivation to change negative self-talk. Sport Psychologist, 23, 435-450.
Harvey, D. T., Van Raalte, J. L. & Brewer, B. W. (2002). Relationship between self-talk and golf performance. International Sports Journal, 6, 84–91.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., & Biddle, S.J.H. (2008). Negative self-talk during sport performance: relationship with pre-competition anxiety and goal-performance discrepancies. Journal of Sport Behavior, 31 (3). 237-253.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Theodorakis, Y., & Zourbanos, N. (2004). Self-talk in the swimming pool: The effects of self-talk on thought content and performance on water-polo tasks. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 138-150.
Hatzigeorgiadis, A., Zourbanos, N., & Theodorakis, Y. (2007). The moderating effects of selftalk content on self-talk fimction. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 19,240-251
Highlen, P.S., & Bennett, B.B. (1983). Elite divers and wrestlers: A camparison between open and closed skill athletes. Journal of Sport Psychology, 5, 390-409.
Landin, D., & Hebert, E.P. (1999). The influence of self talk on the performance of skilled female tennis players. Journal of applied Sport Psychology, 11, 263-282. Diundu 14 Juli 2010.
Landin, D.K., & Macdonald, G. (1990). Improving the overheads of collegiate tennis players. Journal of Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics, 5, 85–90.
Landin, D. (1994). The role of verbal cues in skill learning. Quest, 46, 299-313
Lane, A. (2008). Sport exercise psychology. London: Hodder Education.
Lloyd, J. 2006. Using Self-Talk to Improve Performance. Mental-skills.co.uk/ articles/featured_article.php?docid=11
Mahoney, M.J., & Avener, M. (1977). Psychology of the elite athlete: An exploratory study. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 83, 639-642.
Mallett, C. J. & Hanrahan, S. J. (1997). Race modelling: an effective cognitive strategy for the 100 m sprinter? The Sport Psychologist, 11, 72–85.
Mamassis, G. and Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training programme on juniors’ pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis perfor-mance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16, 118–137.
Masciana, R. C., Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Branton, M. G. and Coughlin, M. A. (2001). Effects of cognitive strategies on dart throwing perfor-mance. International Sports Journal, 5, 31–39.
Mellalieu, S.D., & Hanton, S. (2009). Anvances in applied sport psychology. London: Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group
Ming, S., & Martin, G. L. (1996). Single-subject evaluation of a self-talk package for improving figure skating performance. The Sport Psychologist, 10, 227-238.
Moran, A.P. (2004). Sport and exercise psychology: A critical introduction. London: Routledge. Taylor & Francis Group.
Morris, T., & Thomas, P. (1995). Approaches to applied sport psychology. In Morris dan Summers, (ed.), Morris, T. & Summer, J. Sport psychology. application and issues. New York: John Willey & Sons.
Oikawa, M. (2004). Does addictive distraction affect the relationship between the
cognition of distraction effectiveness and depression? Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology, 52, 287–297.
Papaioannou, A., Ballon, F., Theodorakis, Y., & Auwelle, Y.V. (2004). Combined effect of goal setting and self-talk in performance of a soccer-shooting task. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 98, 89-99.
Perkos, S., Theodorakis, Y., & Chroni, S. (2002). Enhancing performance and skill acqui-sition in novice basketball players with instructional self-talk. The Sport Psychologist, 16, 368-383.
Perry, C. & Morris, T. (1995). Mental imagery in sport. In Morris, T. & Summer, J. Sport psychology: Theory, applications and issues (pp. 339-385). New York: John Willey & Sons.
Rogerson, J.L., & Hrycaiko, W.D. (2002). Enhancing competitive performance of Ice-Hockey Goaltender using centering and self talk, Journal Applied Sport Psychology, 14, 14-26.
Rushall, B. S., Hall, M., Roux, L., Sasseville, J. & Rushall, A. C. (1988). Effects of three types of thought content instructions on skiing performance. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 283–297.
Rushall, B.S. & Lippman, L.G. (1997). The role of imagery in physical per-formance. International Journal For sport Psychology, 26 (29),57-72. http://www-rohan. sdsu.edu/dept/-coachsci/csa/ vol26/rushall. htm.
Slogrove, L., Potgieter, J. R., & Foxcroft, C. D. (2003). Thought sampling of cricketers during batting. S. A. Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 25, 97–113.
Stamou, E., Theodorakis, Y., Kokaridas, D., Perkos, S., & Kessanopoulou. (2007). The effect of self talk on the penalty execution in goalball. British Journal of Visual Inpairment. 25, 233-247.
Theodorakis, Y., Chroni, S., Laparidis, K., Bebetsos, V., & Douma, I. (2001). Self-talk in a basketball shooting task. Perceptual and motor skills, 92, 309–315.
Theodorakis, Y., Hatzigeorgiadis, A., & Chroni, S. (2008). Self-talk: It works, but how? Development and preliminary of validation of the functions of self-talk questionnaire. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science. 12, 10-30.
Theodorakis, Y., Weinberg, R., Natsis, P., Douma, I., & Kazakas, P. (2000). The effects of motivational and instructional self-talk on improving motor performance. The Sport Psychologist, 14, 253-271.
Thomas, P.R., & Fogarty, G.J. (1997). Psychological skills training in golf: The role of individual differences in cognitive preferences. The Sport Psycho-logist, 11, 86-106.
Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Rivera, P. M., & Petitpas, A. J. (1994). The relationship between observable self-talk and competitive junior tennis players’ match performance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 16, 400-415
Van Raalte, J. L., Brewer, B. W., Lewis, B. P., Linder, D. E., Wildman, G., & Kozimor, J. (1995). Cork! The effects of positive and negative self-talk on dart throwing performance. Journal of Sport Behavior, 18, 50-57.
Van Raalte, J. L., Cornelius, A. E., Brewer, B. W., & Hatton, S. J. (2000). The antecedents and consequences of self-talk in competitive tennis. Journal of Sport & Exercise psychology, 22, 345-356.
Wang, L.,Huddleston, S., & Peng, L. (2003). Psychological skill use by Chinese swimmers. International Sports Journal, 7, 48–55.
Weinberg, R. S., Grove, R. and Jackson, A. (1992). Strategies for building self-efficacy in tennis players: a comparative analysis of Australian and American coaches. The Sport Psychologist, 6, 3–13.
Weinberg, R. S., Smith, J., Jackson, A., & Gould, D. (1984). Effect of association, dissociation, and positive self-talk strategies on endurance performance. Canadian Journal of Applied Sport Sciences, 9, 25-32.
Zinsser, N., Bunker, L. and Williams, J. M. (2006). Cognitive techniques for building confidence and enhancing performance. In J. M. Williams (ed.), Applied sport psychology: personal growth to peak performance (5th edn, pp. 349–381). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Ziegler, S. G. 1987. Effects of Stimulus Cueing on The Acquisition of Groundstrokes by Beginning Tennis Players. Journal of Applied Behaviour Analysis, 20, 405–411.
Zinsser, N., Bunker, L., & William, J.M. 2001. Cognitive Techniques for Building Confidence and Enhancing Performance. Dalam William, J.M. (Ed.), Applied Sport Psychology: Personal Growth to Peak Performance. (hh.284-311). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/jko-upi.v3i1.16215
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2019 Jurnal Kepelatihan Olahraga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.