Economic Evaluation on the Production of Chitosan-Kaolinite Nanocomposite from Prawn Shell Waste

asep bayu

Abstract


Chitosan-kaolinite clay nanocomposite is one of the nanocomposite biopolymers that can be used to remove heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes. This type of adsorbent can be modified from marine animal waste (especially shells), for example, prawn. The purpose of this study is to analyze if this adsorbent manufacturing project can be carried out or not, by taking into various perspectives including engineering and economic perspectives. Several parameters for economic evaluation have been analyzed in this paper, such as the length of time to obtain initial capital after the project is executed (PBP), the calculation of the total net profit value since the start of construction in years (CNPV), and so on. The results show that this project is prospective from an engineering and economic point of view. Characterized by the capital that is recovered after three years of the project. Marked by the increase in the Profitability Index (PI) value of 86.4230 from -0.9746 which is the second year PI value. In one day this project can produce 37.5 tons from three shifts of work. The total profit earned in one year reached 5,551,803.98 USD under ideal conditions. This project is considered to be able to compete in the market because PBP occurs in the third year of the project. Apart from the results of this economic analysis, this project is considered as a project that can be chosen as a way to utilize aquatic waste as an effort to maintain the beauty of the earth.

Chitosan-kaolinite clay nanocomposite is one of the nanocomposite biopolymers that can be used to remove heavy metals in wastewater treatment processes. This type of adsorbent can be modified from marine animal waste (especially shells), for example, prawn. The purpose of this study is to analyze if this adsorbent manufacturing project can be carried out or not, by taking into various perspectives including engineering and economic perspectives. Several parameters for economic evaluation have been analyzed in this paper, such as the length of time to obtain initial capital after the project is executed (PBP), the calculation of the total net profit value since the start of construction in years (CNPV), and so on. The results show that this project is prospective from an engineering and economic point of view. Characterized by the capital that is recovered after three years of the project. Marked by the increase in the Profitability Index (PI) value of 86.4230 from -0.9746 which is the second year PI value. In one day this project can produce 37.5 tons from three shifts of work. The total profit earned in one year reached 5,551,803.98 USD under ideal conditions. This project is considered to be able to compete in the market because PBP occurs in the third year of the project. Apart from the results of this economic analysis, this project is considered as a project that can be chosen as a way to utilize aquatic waste as an effort to maintain the beauty of the earth.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Al Sagheer, F. A., Al-Sughayer, M. A., Muslim, S., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2009). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from marine sources in Arabian Gulf. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77(2), 410-419.

Aranaz, I., Mengíbar, M., Harris, R., Paños, I., Miralles, B., Acosta, N., ... & Heras, Á. (2009). Functional characterization of chitin and chitosan. Current Chemical Biology, 3(2), 203-230.

Bastiaens, L., Soetemans, L., D'Hondt, E., & Elst, K. (2019). Sources of chitin and chitosan and their isolation. Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications, 1-34.

Bhattacharyya, K. G., & Gupta, S. S. (2008). Adsorption of a few heavy metals on natural and modified kaolinite and montmorillonite: a review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 140(2), 114-131.

Biswas, S., Islam, M. M., Hasan, M. M., Rimu, S. H., Khan, M. N., Haque, P., & Rahman, M. M. (2018). Evaluation of Cr (VI) ion removal from aqueous solution by bio-inspired chitosan-clay composite: kinetics and isotherms. Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering (IJChE), 15(4), 63-80.

Chen, B., Evans, J. R., Greenwell, H. C., Boulet, P., Coveney, P. V., Bowden, A. A., & Whiting, A. (2008). A critical appraisal of polymer–clay nanocomposites. Chemical Society Reviews, 37(3), 568-594.

Darder, M., Colilla, M., & Ruiz-Hitzky, E. (2003). Biopolymer−Clay Nanocomposites Based on Chitosan Intercalated in Montmorillonite. Chemistry of Materials, 15(20), 3774–3780.

Dhillon, G. S., Kaur, S., Brar, S. K., & Verma, M. (2013). Green synthesis approach: extraction of chitosan from fungus mycelia. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 33(4), 379-403.

Galed, G., Miralles, B., Paños, I., Santiago, A., & Heras, Á. (2005). N-Deacetylation and depolymerization reactions of chitin/chitosan: Influence of the source of chitin. Carbohydrate Polymers, 62(4), 316-320.

Hafina, A., Nur, L., & Malik, A. A. (2022). The development and validation of a character education model through traditional games based on the Socratic method in an elementary school. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(2), 404-415.

Hartini, Y., Apriliya, S., Saputra, E. R., & Mulyadi, S. (2023). Evaluasi Program Gerakan Literasi Baca Tulis Di Sekolah Dasar. MIMBAR PGSD Undiksha, 11(1), 110–120. https://doi.org/10.23887/jjpgsd.v11i1.42891

Kafetzopoulos, D., Martinou, A., & Bouriotis, V. (1993). Bioconversion of chitin to chitosan: purification and characterization of chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 90(7), 2564-2568.

Kaur, S., & Dhillon, G. S. (2014). The versatile biopolymer chitosan: potential sources, evaluation of extraction methods and applications. Critical Reviews in Microbiology, 40(2), 155-175.

Kaur, S., & Dhillon, G. S. (2015). Recent trends in biological extraction of chitin from marine shell wastes: a review. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 35(1), 44-61.

Kaya, M., Sofi, K., Sargin, I., & Mujtaba, M. (2016). Changes in physicochemical properties of chitin at developmental stages (larvae, pupa and adult) of Vespa crabro (wasp). Carbohydrate Polymers, 145, 64-70.

Kurita, K. (2001). Controlled functionalization of the polysaccharide chitin. Progress in Polymer Science, 26(9), 1921-1971.

Kurita, K. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. Marine Biotechnology, 8(3), 203-226.

Loviani, S. D., Saputra, Y. M., Kusmaedi, N., Ray, H. R., & Nur, L. (2021). Effects of health-related fitness model to improve physical fitness and physical activity in vocational high school students. Int J Hum Move Sports Sci, 9(04), 654-660.

Maesaroh, S. S. (2021, December). Determinants of Loan Access towards Financial Performance in MSMEs. In Conference Series (Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 148-159).

Mohammed, M. H., Williams, P. A., & Tverezovskaya, O. (2013). Extraction of chitin from prawn shells and conversion to low molecular mass chitosan. Food Hydrocolloids, 31(2), 166-171.

Mousharraf, A., Hossain, M. S., & Islam, M. F. (2011). Potential of locally available clay as raw material for traditional-ceramic manufacturing industries. Journal of Chemical Engineering, 26, 34-37.

Mulyana, F. R., Hidayat, C., Hanief, Y. N., Juniar, D. T., Millah, H., Rahmat, A. A., ... & Hadyansah, D. (2022). Analysis of inhibiting factors in regional sports achievement development. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(12), 3009-3015.

MUNAWAROH, M., SANTOSO, B., GUMILANG, R. R., HIDAYATULLAH, D., HERMAWAN, A., MARHANAH, S., ... & PURWANTO, A. (2021). The effect of strategic leadership and organization culture on business performance: An empirical study in Indonesia. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(6), 455-463.

Muzzarelli, R. A. (2011). Chitin nanostructures in living organisms. In Chitin (pp. 1-34). Springer, Dordrecht.

Nandiyanto, A. B. D. (2018). Cost analysis and economic evaluation for the fabrication of activated carbon and silica particles from rice straw waste. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 13(6), 1523-1539.

Nguyen, V.B., Wang, S.L. (2019). Production of potent antidiabetic compounds from shrimp head powder via Paenibacillus conversion. Process. Chemistry., 76, 18–24.

Nur, L., & Malik, A. A. (2021). Basketball skill achievements: comparison between technical approach and tactical approach based on physical fitness level. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Dan Olahraga, 6(1), 51-58.

Nur, L., Disman, D., Ahman, E., Hendrayati, H., & Budiman, A. (2022, July). Measuring Lecturer Motivation Scales: A Second-Order Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In 6th Global Conference on Business, Management, and Entrepreneurship (GCBME 2021) (pp. 391-397). Atlantis Press.

Nur, L., Hong, F., Al Ardha, M. A., Burhaein, E., & Malik, A. A. (2023). Direct instruction with task sheet-based learning model: an alternative approach to encourage learning motivation during the Covid-19 crisis. International Journal of Instruction, 16(3), 843-854.

Nur, L., Stephani, M. R., & Malik, A. A. (2022). Teachers' Perspectives on Promoting Physical Activity in Early Childhood Education: A Pilot Study in Indonesia. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(6), 1189-96.

Nur, L., Suryana, D., Stephani, M. R., Guntara, R. G., Nilan, F., Rahmanda, M., ... & Salam, R. Development of Pancasila Student Profiles on the Mutual Assistance Character: Can Traditional Games through Socratic Method-based Learning Help?. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 7(2), 168-174.

Nur, L., Suryana, D., Stephani, M. R., Guntara, R. G., Nilan, F., Rahmanda, M., ... & Salam, R. Development of Pancasila Student Profiles on the Mutual Assistance Character: Can Traditional Games through Socratic Method-based Learning Help?. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga, 7(2), 168-174.

Nur, L., Yulianto, A., Suryana, D., Malik, A. A., Ardha, M. A. A., & Hong, F. (2022). An Analysis of the Distribution Map of Physical Education Learning Motivation through Rasch Modeling in Elementary School. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 815-830.

Nuryadin, A., Karlimah, K., Lidinillah, D. A. M., & Apriani, I. F. (2023). Blended Learning after the Pandemic: The Flipped Classroom as an Alternative Learning Model for Elementary Classrooms. Participatory Educational Research, 10(3), 209-225.

Nuryadin, A., Karlimah, K., Lidinillah, D. A. M., & Apriani, I. F. (2023). Blended Learning after the Pandemic: The Flipped Classroom as an Alternative Learning Model for Elementary Classrooms. Participatory Educational Research, 10(3), 209-225.

Nuryadin, A., Karlimah, K., Lidinillah, D. A. M., & Apriani, I. F. (2023). Blended Learning after the Pandemic: The Flipped Classroom as an Alternative Learning Model for Elementary Classrooms. Participatory Educational Research, 10(3), 209-225.

Percot, A., Viton, C., & Domard, A. (2003). Optimization of chitin extraction from shrimp shells. Biomacromolecules, 4(1), 12-18.

Prehanto, A., Haryono, H., & Raharjo, T. (2021, January). A Curriculum Development of Coffee Barista Education. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Social Science, Humanities, Education and Society Development, ICONS 2020, 30 November, Tegal, Indonesia.

Rahayu, A., Wibowo, L. A., & Ahman, E. (2023). Financial Availability on Performance of MSMEs: Mediation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Actor’s Rationality. Jurnal Economia, 19(1), 68-80.

Rahayu, A., Wibowo, L. A., & Ahman, E. (2023). Financial Availability on Performance of MSMEs: Mediation of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Business Actor’s Rationality. Jurnal Economia, 19(1), 68-80.

Raval, N. P., Shah, P. U., & Shah, N. K. (2016). Adsorptive removal of nickel (II) ions from aqueous environment: A review. Journal of Environmental Management, 179, 1-20.

Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31(7), 603-632.

Rusmana, N., Hafina, A., Ruyadi, Y., Nur, L., & Riduwan, M. (2023). Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Middle School Students After the COVID-19 Outbreak. Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling, 8(2).

Saputra, E. R., & Rusmana, N. (2021, July). Students’ experience of online game-based assessment tool during emergency remote teaching. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1987, No. 1, p. 012012). IOP Publishing.

Schmitz, Auza, Koberidze, Rasche, Fischer, & Bortesi. (2019). Conversion of chitin to defined chitosan oligomers: current status and future prospects. Marine Drugs, 17(8), 452.

Setiadi, P. M., Alia, D., Sumardi, S., Respati, R., & Nur, L. (2021, July). Synchronous or asynchronous? Various online learning platforms studied in Indonesia 2015-2020. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1987, No. 1, p. 012016). IOP Publishing.

Synowiecki, J., & Al-Khateeb, N. A. (2003). Production, properties, and some new applications of chitin and its derivatives.

Tolaimate, A., Desbrieres, J., Rhazi, M., & Alagui, A. (2003). Contribution to the preparation of chitins and chitosans with controlled physico-chemical properties. Polymer, 44(26), 7939-7952.

Tolaimate, A., Desbrieres, J., Rhazi, M., Alagui, A., Vincendon, M., & Vottero, P. (2000). On the influence of deacetylation process on the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan from squid chitin. Polymer, 41(7), 2463-2469.

Wang, S. F., Shen, L., Tong, Y. J., Chen, L., Phang, I. Y., Lim, P. Q., & Liu, T. X. (2005). Biopolymer chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites: preparation and characterization. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 90(1), 123-131.

Waśko, A., Bulak, P., Polak-Berecka, M., Nowak, K., Polakowski, C., & Bieganowski, A. (2016). The first report of the physicochemical structure of chitin isolated from Hermetia illucens. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 92, 316-320.

Yano, K., Usuki, A., Okada, A., Kurauchi, T., & Kamigaito, O. (1993). Synthesis and properties of polyimide–clay hybrid. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 31(10), 2493-2498.

Younes, I., & Rinaudo, M. (2015). Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine Drugs, 13(3), 1133-1174.

Yulianto, A., Yuliyanto, A., Hamdu, G., Nur, L., Fitriani, D., & Hamzah, N. (2021). Disclosure of Student Ability in Working on Higher-Order Thinking Skills Questions through Rasch Modeling. Al Ibtida: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru MI, 8(1), 130-143.

Yulianto, A., Yuliyanto, A., Hamdu, G., Nur, L., Fitriani, D., & Hamzah, N. (2021). Disclosure of Student Ability in Working on Higher-Order Thinking Skills Questions through Rasch Modeling. Al Ibtida: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru MI, 8(1), 130-143.

Zuber, M., Zia, K. M., & Barikani, M. (2013). Chitin and chitosan-based blends, composites and nanocomposites. In Advances in natural polymers (pp. 55-119). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/ijdb.v1i2.40025

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2021 Indonesian Journal of Digital Business



Indonesian Journal of Digital Business is published by Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)
and managed by Department of Digital Business
Jl. Dr. Setiabudi No.229, Kota Bandung, Indonesia - 40154
View My Stats