Exploring Research Approaches and Methodologies in Multimedia: Digital Media, Game Development, Visual Communication Design, Broadcasting, and Animation

Agus Juhana; Laura Anggelika; Farhan Abdul Azis

doi:10.17509/edsence.v6i2.76393

Exploring Research Approaches and Methodologies in Multimedia: Digital Media, Game Development, Visual Communication Design, Broadcasting, and Animation

Agus Juhana, Laura Anggelika, Farhan Abdul Azis

Abstract

Research methods are structured procedures designed to address research problems and provide effective solutions. In the multimedia field, researchers often rely on standardized methods, regardless of the specific sub-discipline under investigation. For example, the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) is among the most commonly used methodologies. However, the diversity of research areas within multimedia—spanning Digital Media, Game Development, Visual Communication Design, Broadcasting, and Animation—requires tailored and specialized approaches to ensure that research outcomes are precise, impactful, and contextually relevant. This study systematically reviews various research methodologies in the multimedia field by analyzing relevant articles and literature. The results present a comprehensive mapping of diverse approaches and methodologies, categorized according to specific subfields within multimedia. This analysis aims to assist academics, researchers, and professionals in selecting methodologies that align with their research objectives, thereby enhancing the quality and specificity of research outputs.

Keywords

Research Methods; Multimedia Studies; Methodological Approaches; Multimedia Research Framework

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abutabenjeh, S., & Jaradat, R. (2018). Clarification of research design, research methods, and research methodology: A guide for public administration researchers and practitioners. Teaching Public Administration, 36(3), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739418775787

Alqahtani, F., & Orji, R. (2020). Insights from user reviews to improve mental health apps. Health Informatics Journal, 26(3), 2042–2066. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458219896492

Azhar, S., Ahmad, I., & Sein, M. K. (2010). Action Research as a Proactive Research Method for Construction Engineering and Management. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136(1), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000081

Bevan, C., & Green, D. (2018). A mediography of virtual reality non fiction: Insights and future directions. TVX 2018 - Proceedings of the 2018 ACM International Conference on Interactive Experiences for TV and Online Video, 161–166. https://doi.org/10.1145/3210825.3213557

Boaduo, N. A.-P. (2011). Systematic analysis and interpretation of collected data for a research study: A practical methodological framework for writing research report. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(2), 140–146. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79955964180&partnerID=40&md5=51c84cbc6afb111d045f650b71891ba9

Bookstaver, M. (2021). Secondary Data Analysis. In The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology and Criminal Justice: Volume II: Parts 5-8 (pp. 531–534). wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119111931.ch107

Cannavo, A., Demartini, C., Morra, L., & Lamberti, F. (2019). Immersive Virtual Reality-Based Interfaces for Character Animation. IEEE Access, 7, 125463–125480. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2939427

Chang, S. N., & Chen, W. L. (2017). Does visualize industries matter? A technology foresight of global Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Industry. In M. T.-H., L. A.D.K.-T., & P. S.D. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Innovation: Applied System Innovation for Modern Technology, ICASI 2017 (pp. 382–385). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988432

Chen, C. A., & Lai, H. I. (2021). Application of augmented reality in museums – Factors influencing the learning motivation and effectiveness. Science Progress, 104(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211059045

Choi, K., & Kwag, H. (2014). Comparing urban public service using super-efficiency model and statistical testing: Cases using secondary data. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 9(22), 14795–14802. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84925426493&partnerID=40&md5=e1933503991cac38b4e1fbe5c136101c

Das, S., Kumar, S. N., Yepuri, S., Ujwal, Y. K., & Srinath, R. (2023). StoryTube-Generating 2D Animation for a Short Story. Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Knowledge Economy, ICCIKE 2023, 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCIKE58312.2023.10131811

Divan, A., Ludwig, L. O., Matthews, K. E., Motley, P. M., & Tomljenovic-Berube, A. M. (2017). Survey of research approaches utilised in the scholarship of teaching and learning publications. Teaching and Learning Inquiry, 5(2), 16–29. https://doi.org/10.20343/teachlearninqu.5.2.3

du Plessis, J., & Jordaan, J. (2024). The impact of virtual reality on the psychological well-being of hospitalised patients: A critical review. Heliyon, 10(2), e24831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24831

Götzl, C., Hiller, S., Rauschenberg, C., Schick, A., Fechtelpeter, J., Fischer Abaigar, U., Koppe, G., Durstewitz, D., Reininghaus, U., & Krumm, S. (2022). Artificial intelligence-informed mobile mental health apps for young people: a mixed-methods approach on users’ and stakeholders’ perspectives. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 16(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-022-00522-6

Hikmi, R., Simorangkir, M., & Sudrajat, A. (2020). Development of interactive multimedia lectora inspire problem based on science. In S. B. & R. J. (Eds.), Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1485, Issue 1). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1485/1/012036

Huan-Niemi, E., Rikkonen, P., Niemi, J., Wuori, O., & Niemi, J. (2016). Combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to foresee the changes in the Finnish agri-food sector. Futures, 83, 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.03.007

Iyamu, T. (2009). The challenges of qualitative case study research approach in the field of information systems. International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems and Web Technologies 2009, EISWT 2009, 100–107. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878161513&partnerID=40&md5=a9b9d9f3a3736e635f3e3da9de7c7438

Jeon, B., Oh, J., & Son, S. (2021). Effects of tooth brushing training, based on augmented reality using a smart toothbrush, on oral hygiene care among people with intellectual disability in Korea. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 9, Issue 3). mdpi.com. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030348

Jiang, J., Zhou, G., Duffy, B. M., & Duffy, V. G. (2023). AR and VR – A Review on Recent Progress and Applications. In C. J.Y.C., F. G., & F. X. (Eds.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) (Vol. 14058, pp. 46–63). Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48050-8_4

Jones, R., Montalvo, F., Sasser, J., Smither, J. A., & McConnell, D. S. (2023). Applying user Experience Principles to Food Distribution in Nursing Homes. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care, 12(1), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1177/2327857923121035

Kale, P. S., Deshmukh, T. K., & Bhoite, S. (2024). Virtual Reality: Emerging Technologies and Future Directions. In S. J., S. P., C. Y., A. K.U., A. P.K., M. N., T. G., & S. S. (Eds.), 15th International Conference on Advances in Computing, Control, and Telecommunication Technologies, ACT 2024 (Vol. 2, pp. 761–767). Grenze Scientific Society. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85209077070&partnerID=40&md5=ff6bb3bce51dbf07a8a78c9620c7327d

Kouijzer, M. M. T. E., Kip, H., Bouman, Y. H. A., & Kelders, S. M. (2023). Implementation of virtual reality in healthcare: a scoping review on the implementation process of virtual reality in various healthcare settings. Implementation Science Communications, 4(1), 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43058-023-00442-2

Kurnia Nurhayati, I., Noor Prawita, H., Kurniasih, N., & Nurhasanah, Y. (2023). Virtual Reality (VR) Technology in Foreign Language Training for Indonesia’s SMEs Actors Teknologi Realitas Virtual (RV) dalam Pelatihan Bahasa Asing untuk Pelaku UMKM Indonesia. Jurnal Sosioteknologi, 22(3).

Lázaro, M., & Marcos, E. (2006). An approach to the integration of qualitative and quantitative research methods in software engineering research. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, 240, 757–764. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84878347075&partnerID=40&md5=820c21dce3693e35e25571c282a1d5dc

Lin, H. C. K., Lin, Y. H., Huang, Y. M., Wang, T. H., & Su, L. K. (2020). Effects of incorporating ar into a board game on learning outcomes and emotions in health education. Electronics (Switzerland), 9(11), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9111752

Lopes, I. T. (2015). Research methods and methodology towards knowledge creation in accounting. Contaduria y Administracion, 60, 9–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2015.08.006

Luo, X., Wang, Y., Lee, L. H., Xing, Z., Jin, S., Dong, B., Hu, Y., Chen, Z., Yan, J., & Hui, P. (2024). Using a virtual reality interview simulator to explore factors influencing people’s behavior. Virtual Reality, 28(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-023-00934-5

Ma, J., Zhao, D., Xu, N., & Yang, J. (2023). The effectiveness of immersive virtual reality (VR) based mindfulness training on improvement mental-health in adults: A narrative systematic review. Explore, 19(3), 310–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2022.08.001

Mattila, O., Hamari, J., Holopainen, J., & Pöyry, E. (2021). Mixed, augmented, and virtual reality: Services and applications. In B. T.X. (Ed.), Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (Vols. 2020-January, pp. 1611–1612). IEEE Computer Society. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85108144306&partnerID=40&md5=ca0df6982d371689e674232b5b4eb0c1

Maydiantoro, A., Haenilah, E. Y., Hariri, H., Firdaus, R., Sunyono, & Sudjarwo. (2023). Development of Virtual Reality Technology in Entrepreneurial Learning Containing Ethnopreneurship. WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 19(July), 645–654. https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2023.19.63

Mulisa, F. (2022). When Does a Researcher Choose a Quantitative, Qualitative, or Mixed Research Approach? Interchange, 53(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10780-021-09447-z

Murodillaevich, N. F., Eshpulatovich, G. U., & Kuvondik, K. (2020). Improve teaching and learning approach 3D primitives with virtual and augmented reality. 2020 International Conference on Information Science and Communications Technologies, ICISCT 2020. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISCT50599.2020.9351418

Nair, Y. N. I., Azman, F., Rahim, F. A., & Cheng, L. K. (2019). Endure: Augmented reality fitness mobile application. 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems, ICCCS 2019, 419–424. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCOMS.2019.8821640

Ozcakir, B., & Cakiroglu, E. (2021). An augmented reality learning toolkit for fostering spatial ability in mathematics lesson: Design and development. European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 9(4), 145–167. https://doi.org/10.30935/SCIMATH/11204

Pabón-Leal, J. L., Rodríguez-Ibáñez, R. E., & Mendoza-Gafaro, R. E. (2024). Trends in multimedia engineering: a glocal view from the educational sector. Aibi, Revista de Investigacion Administracion e Ingenierias, 12(2), 155–165. https://doi.org/10.15649/2346030X.3828

Peláez, C. A., Solano, A., Granollers, T., & Collazos, C. (2019). Methodologies and Trends in Multimedia Systems: A Systematic Literature Review. In M. G. (Ed.), Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics): Vol. 11578 LNCS (pp. 109–127). Springer Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21902-4_9

Petty, N. J., Thomson, O. P., & Stew, G. (2012). Ready for a paradigm shift? Part 2: Introducing qualitative research methodologies and methods. Manual Therapy, 17(5), 378–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2012.03.004

Rahayu, S., Fitriani, L., Kurniawati, R., & Bustomi, Y. (2019). E-commerce based on the Marketplace in efforts to sell agricultural products using Xtreme programming approach. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1402(6). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1402/6/066108

Ramos-Aguiar, L. R., & Alvarez-Rodriguez, F. J. (2021). Teaching Emotions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Through a Computer Program with Tangible Interfaces. Revista Iberoamericana de Tecnologias Del Aprendizaje, 16(4), 365–371. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA.2021.3125901

Rashid, S., Khattak, A., Ashiq, M., Rehman, S. U., & Rasool, M. R. (2021). Educational landscape of virtual reality in higher education: Bibliometric evidences of publishing patterns and emerging trends. Publications, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/publications9020017

Rasyida, R., Ali Nurdin, E., & Rasim. (2023). Pembelajaran Berbasis Metaverse – Virtual Reality Menggunakan Spatial.io dengan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman dan Minat Siswa . Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(2), 15875–15883.

Sacks, R. (2005). Anatomy of a phone search: Primary research using the original “online.” Searcher:Magazine for Database Professionals, 13(3), 42–47. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-15244341703&partnerID=40&md5=c32db57db54f082d733a741066a5a825

Salihbegovic, F. (2020). The encounter with the real: What can complicite’s theatre performance the encounter teach us about the future of VR narratives? Body, Space and Technology, 19(1), 125–152. https://doi.org/10.16995/BST.336

Salmon, J. (2017). Quantitative or qualitative research: Methods, ethical issues and future directions. In Data Collection: Methods, Ethical Issues and Future Directions (pp. 3–14). Nova Science Publishers, Inc. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016744108&partnerID=40&md5=872e608adf99b5f5b1623aa3aa186de0

Sari, I. P., Juhana, A., & Nurhidayatulloh, N. (2023). Global trends in the study of projection mapping technology using bibliometric analysis. Journal of Print and Media Technology Research, 12(4), 219–229. https://doi.org/10.14622/JPMTR-2309

Schipper-Kramer Freher, N., Bexkens, A., van Bennekom, M., Veling, W., & Bockting, C. L. H. (2022). Virtual reality for psycho-education on self-stigma in depression: Design of a randomised controlled trial. Psychiatry Research Communications, 2(4), 100086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100086

Taswadi, Kurnia, G. J., & Pawitan, Z. (2025). Analysis of Computational Bibliometric Mapping in Multimedia for Art Learning Media Publications using VOSviewer. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 52(1), 163–179. https://doi.org/10.37934/araset.52.1.163179

Torales, J., & Barrios, I. (2023). Research design: Classification algorithm and essential features. Medicina Clinica y Social, 7(3), 210–235. https://doi.org/10.52379/mcs.v7i3.349

Triatmaja, Y. K., Aryotejo, G., Nugraheni, D. M. K., & Noranita, B. (2022). Gamification In E-Learning For Playgroup. Proceedings - International Conference on Informatics and Computational Sciences, 2022-September, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICoS56336.2022.9930568

Vergiawan Aldrianto Putra, & Hendra Afriwan. (2023). Perancangan Cerita Bergambar Legenda Objek Wisata Goa Putri Menggunakan Gaya Paper Cut Digital. Jurnal Riset Rumpun Seni, Desain Dan Media, 2(1), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.55606/jurrsendem.v2i1.1305

Wang, W., & Wu, S. (2024). Analyzing User Psychology and Behavior in Short-Form Video Shopping Platforms: An Integrated TAM and ISS Model Approach. SAGE Open, 14(4), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241287076

Zhu, W., Wang, X., & Gao, W. (2020). Multimedia Intelligence: When Multimedia Meets Artificial Intelligence. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 22(7), 1823–1835. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2020.2969791

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/edsence.v6i2.76393