PENGARUH INPUT BAHASA ORANG TUA TERHADAP KOMPLEKSITAS BAHASA ANAK: STUDI KASUS PADA ANAK USIA 5 TAHUN MELALUI INTERACTIVE SHARED READING

Hanna Sundari

Abstract


Abstrak

Orang tua merupakan lingkungan sosial dan sumber bahasa pertama bagi anak di awal kehidupannya. Komunikasi antara orang tua dan anak dipercaya dapat memengaruhi perkembangan bahasa dan perilaku anak. Penelitian deskriptif kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan apa dan bagaimana input bahasa orang tua (parental language input) khususnya dorongan bahasa ibu dan kompleksitas bahasa yang diproduksi  anak melalui interactive shared reading. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 1 orang anak perempuan berusia 5 tahun dan ibunya. Ibu melakukan aktivitas membacakan cerita (story reading) dibantu dengan buku bergambar setelah itu anak diminta menceritakan ulang (retelling story). Melalui teknik rekam dan catat, pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali dan diamati berdasarkan 2 aktivitas tersebut.Setelah transkripsi dilakukan, data lalu dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa input bahasa ibu lebih banyak dalam bentuk pertanyaan dan pengisian yang mendorong anak untuk berfikir dan memproduksi bahasa. Bahasa anak juga didominasi oleh bentuk pertanyaan. Anak bertanya mengenai isi cerita maupun kata yang belum diketahuinya. Struktur kalimat anak kerap tidak beraturan dan terdapat beberapa bentukan kata yang belum dikuasai anak. Namun secara makna dapat dipahami. Hal ini menunjukkan anak sedang dalam proses pemerolahan bahasa.

Kata kunci: input bahasa orang tua, kompleksitas bahasa anak, interactive shared reading

Abstract

Parents are the first social environment and language source for children in early life. Parents-children interaction and communication influences how children acquire language and how they behave years later. This descriptive research aims at describing what and how parental language input particularly language prompting from mother affect children language development dan how children produce language through interactive shared reading. The informants were a 5-year-old child and her mother. They were videotaped while the mother was reading stories based on picture books; and then, the child was asked to retell the story. The activities were recorded 3 times during those two events run. After having transcripted in verbatim, the data showed that maternal language input mostly contains in questions and filling-ins to promote children thinking dan speech production. Moreover, child language is dominated by questions too. The questions are related to the story and unfamiliar vocabulary.  Sentence structures made by children are often disordered and the children contructs wrong word-forms. However, those utterances are understandle. This actually indicates that child is in the process of acquiring language. 

Keywords: parent language, the complexity of children's language, interactive shared reading


Keywords


parent language; the complexity of children's language; interactive shared reading

Full Text:

PDF

References


Clark, E. V. (2009). First Language Acquisition. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Dardjowidjojo, S. (2014). Psikolinguistik: Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia. Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

Dunst, C. J., Simkus, A., & Hamby, D. W. (2012). Effect of Reading to Infants and Toddlers on Their Early Language Development. CELL Reviews, Volume 5 Nimber 4, p. 1-7.

Isbell, R., Sobol, J., Lindauer, L., & Lowrance, A. (2004). The Effect of Storytelling and Story Reading on the Oral Language Complexity and Story Comprehension of Young Children. Early Childhood Education Journal, Vol. 32 No. 3 December p. 157-163.

Mukalel, J. C. (2003). Psychology of Language Learning. Delhi: Arora Offset Press.

Owens, R. E. (2012). Language Development: An Introduction Eight Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc.

Polka, L., Rvachew, S., & Mattock, K. (2007). Experiential Influences on Speech Perception and Speech Production. In E. Hoff, & M. Shatz, Blackweel Handbook of Language Development (pp. 153-172). Australia: Blackwell Publishing.

Santrock, J. (2010). Child Development: An Introduction 13th Edition. New York: Mc-Graw Hill .

Song, L., Spier, E. T., & Tamis-Lemonda, C. S. (2013). Reciprocal Influences between Maternal Language and Children's Language and Cognitive Development in Low-income Families . Journal of Child Language, 1-22, Available on CJO doi: 10.1017/S0305000912000700.

Steinberg, D. D., Nagata, H., & Aline, D. P. (2001). Psycholinguistics: Language, Mind and World Second Edition. New York: Routledge.

Voorhis, F. L., Maier, M. F., Epstein, J. L., Llyod , C. M., & Leung, T. (2013). The Impact of Family Involvement on the Education of Children Ages 3 to 8: A Focus on Literacy and Math Achievement Outcomes and Social-emotional Skills. MDRC.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_of_Aveyron diakses pada 11 Juli 2015

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genie_(feral_child) diakses pada 11 juli 2015




DOI: https://doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v16i1.3067

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Hanna Sundari



    p-ISSN 1412-0712  |  e-ISSN 2527-8312

Lisensi Creative Commons

JPBS is published by:

Fakultas Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra (Faculty of Language and Literature Education), Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia,

in cooperation with

TEFLIN, and APPBIPA

View My Stats